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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Is the size of the DNA genome reflective of how advanced the organisms is?
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NO
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DNA polymerase take off how many phosphates of the nucleotides, as DNA is synthesized?
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phosphates are taken, nucleotides are added in monophosphate form.
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3) What is the charge inside of a DNA molecule?
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The inside is hydrophobic, therefore is not charged.
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4) What is the charge on the outside of a DNA molecule?
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The outside of DNA is negatively charged.
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5) The charge of DNA, helps the molecules overall?
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Stability
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6) What is the importance of the major and minor grooves?
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Interior bases are exposed, thus, DNA binding proteins can recognize w/o unfolding DNA.
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7) Phosphodiester and N-glycosidic bonding are considered what type of bonding?
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Covalent bonding.
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8) Base stacking, and Hydrogen bonding are considered what type of bonding?
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Non-covalent bonding
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9) What is Tm?
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The melting temperature of a DNA molecule, in which 50% is melted and 50% is bonded.
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10) What happened to a DNA molecule in a low salt concentration? And in a high salt concentration?
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In a low [NaCl], DNA falls apart easier. In a high [NaCl], DNA sticks together.
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11) Is DNA viscous?
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Yes
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12) Do bases like absorbing light?
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Yes
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13) As DNA denatures does its light absorption increase or decrease?
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It increases, because increasing temperature denatures DNA into a single strand, thus more base absorption of light.
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14) What does annealing mean?
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The reverse of denaturation
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15) In supercoiled (phone cord) DNA do you have (+) and (-) twists?
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Yes
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16) What is the function of topoisomerase I (Swivelase)?
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It removes supercoils, by making a single cut, which is then re-ligated.
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17) What is the function of topoisomerase II (a.k.a. DNA Gyrase)?
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It produces and removes supercoils, it requires ATP.
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18) Do (-) supertwists unwind easier or harder?
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Easier.
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19) Drugs for cancer and antibiotics target?
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Inhibition of DNA gyrases.
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20) High Temperature and High salt concentration can do what to DNA?
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Split it.
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21) What enzyme in cells perform the function of high temperature and high salt concentration?
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DNA helicase
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22) How many origins of replication does bacterial DNA have?
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1
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23) How many origins of replication does eukaryotes have?
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They have multiple replicons.
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24) What enzyme is required to complete synthesis of ends of linear chromosomes?
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Telomerase.
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25) What do ssDNA binding proteins do?
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They prevent DNA from closing
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26) What do the following protein do: Topoisomerase II (gyrase), Helicase (DnaB), DnaA, Dam Methylase, DnaC, HU, Primase (DnaG), SSB proteins, DNA ligase?
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They are needed for DNA replication.
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28) What are nucleases?
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Enzymes that cleave phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids.
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29) Exonuclease cut from?
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The end.
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30) Endonuclease cut from?
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The middle.
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31) What is the function of lygase?
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To glue down.
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