Biochemistry Chapter 1: Amino Acids

Front 1

Which form of amino acids are incorporated into proteins?

Back 1

L amino acids

Front 2

Which form of amino acid has the amino group on the right?

Back 2

D amino acids

Front 3

Which form of amino acids has the amino group on the left?

Back 3

L amino acids

Front 4

What is the formula for the number of stereoisomers in a compound?

Back 4

2^n where n is the number of asymmetric carbons

Front 5

Which amino acid has no D or L form, has little polar character, and is the smallest of the amino acids?

Back 5

Glycine

Front 6

Name the five amino acids that are categorized as non-aromatic with hydrocarbon side chains.

Back 6

Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Proline

Front 7

Name the three amino acids with aromatic hydrocarbon side chains.

Back 7

Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan

Front 8

Name the two amino acids with sulfur-containing side chains.

Back 8

Cysteine & Methionine

Front 9

Name the four amino acids with polar uncharged side chains.

Back 9

Serine, Threonine, Asparagine, Glutamine

Front 10

Name the five amino acids with polar charged side chains:

Back 10

Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Lysine, Arginine, Histidine

Front 11

Which amino acid has the most polar side chain?

Back 11

Arginine

Front 12

-------- replaces --------- in the protein hemoglobin in Sickle Cell Disease

Back 12

Valine replaces Glutamic Acid

Front 13

--------- participates in many biological oxidation/reduction reactions

Back 13

Cysteine

Front 14

Name three types of modifications made to amino acids

Back 14

Phosphorylation, carboxylation, hydroxylation

Front 15

What is the approximate Pk of an alpha-carboxyl?

Back 15

2

Front 16

What is the approximate Pk of a side chain carboxyl?

Back 16

4

Front 17

What is the approximate Pk of an imidazole?

Back 17

6

Front 18

What is the approximate Pk of amino groups (alpha and side chains)?

Back 18

10

Front 19

What is the approximate Pk of phenol?

Back 19

10

Front 20

What is the approximate Pk of Guanidinium?

Back 20

12

Front 21

What is the approximate Pk of a sulfhydryl?

Back 21

8

Front 22

Which amino acid has no D or L forms?

Back 22

Glycine- not an asymmetric carbon.

Front 23

Which amino acid is really an imino acid?

Back 23

Proline (has secondary amine)

Front 24

Which amino acid has an indole (aromatic heterocyclic) group?

Back 24

Tryptophan

Front 25

Which amino acid is important in redox reactions?

Back 25

Cysteine

Front 26

Which amino acid is a thioether (C-S-C)?

Back 26

Methionine

Front 27

Name the two negatively charged amino acids at physiologic pH.

Back 27

Glutamate and Aspartate

Front 28

Name the three positively charged amino acids at physiologic pH.

Back 28

Histidine, lysine, and arginine.

Front 29

At physiologic pH acidic amino acids have what charge?

Back 29

Negative

Front 30

At physiologic pH basic amino acids have what charge?

Back 30

Positive

Front 31

Which amino acid can act as an acid or base at physiologic pH?

Back 31

Histidine

Front 32

Approximate pK of sulfhydryl (SH).

Back 32

8

Front 33

What kind of bond is formed between amino acids? How are they formed?

Back 33

Peptide bonds
They're formed through condensation reactions.

Front 34

The cellular sites for protein synthesis. How do they connect amino acids?

Back 34

Ribosomes, only form peptide bonds through alpha amino and alpha carboxyl groups.

Front 35

Signaling molecules produced in one cell type and then transmitted through the circulatory system where they bind target cells to elicit a response.

Back 35

Peptide Hormones