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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acid
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substances that liberate H+ ions when dissolved in water; pH less than 1 - 6.99
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Anion
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negatively charged ion
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Atomic Mass
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protons + neutrons
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atoms
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the smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination
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base
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substance that accepts H+ ions, removing them from the water solution. pH 7.1 - 14
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cations
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positively charged ion
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chemical bonds
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forces that hold atoms together, formed by shared electrons
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covalent bond
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chemical bond formed by atoms sharing a pair of electrons
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double bond
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formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons
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electron
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negatively charged particle of an atom that moves wildly around the nucleus at nearly the speed of light
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elements
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over 100 fundamental substances that consist of atoms of one kind and that singly or in combination constitute all matter
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heat of fusion
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amount of heat energy required to be removed to form solid (ice)
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heat of vaporization
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amount of heat required to change to gas (vapor)
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hybrid orbitals
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formed in C,N and O when these elements form covalent bonds; form tetrahedral shape
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hydrogen bonding
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weak interactions between the partially positively charged H and partially negatively charged N or O
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hydrophilic
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"water loving" molecule/compound that dissolve readily in water
Ex.: NaCl |
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hydrophobic
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"water hating" molecule/compound that do not dissolve in water
Ex.: fat |
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ion
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charged atom
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ionic bonds
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an attraction between oppositely charged particles that are near each other
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isotope
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atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei; may be radioactive
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molecules
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two or more atoms, of the same or different elements, joined together
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neutron
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particle with no charge in the nucleus of an atom
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orbital
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a relatively defined space within an electron cloud where up to two electrons reside; several orbitals make up the quantum or energy level
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pH
pH scale |
measure of acidity: 1/ log of H+ concentration
1 - 6.9 acid, 7.1 - 14 basic |
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polar molecules
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molecules with partial positive and partial negative portions
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proton
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positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
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fxn of water's specific heat
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water's high specific heat keeps the temperature of the water from fluctuating wildly with environmental changes
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tetrahedral carbon
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a carbon with orbitals equidistant from one another that point toward the corners of a tetrahedron
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