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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleic acids are polymers of...
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...nucleotides!!
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3 things all nucleotide structures have:
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(1) Nigrogenous base...
(2) ...linked to a pentose sugar... (3) ...with at least one phosphate group attached |
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The 2 types of nitrogen containing bases are:
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Purines
and Pyrimidines |
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Describe the members and shape of:
Pyrimidines |
Pyrimidines have 1 ring structure and include
{C, T, U} Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil |
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Describe the members and shape of:
Purines |
Purines have a 2 ring structure and include:
{A, G} Adenine, Guanine |
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Nucleotides:
The phophate group is always attached to the... |
5' Carbon ("Five prime carbon")
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Nucleotides:
The 5 common bases are... |
{A, C, G, T, U}
Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine Uracil |
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Nucleotides:
The 4 bases found in DNA are... |
Adenine
Cytosine Guanine Thymine |
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Nucleotides:
The 4 bases found in RNA are... |
Adenine
Cytosine Guanine Uracil |
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What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?
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A nucleoside only has a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar.
There is NO phosphate group. A nucleotide has all 3 (Base, sugar, phosphate group) |
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Define:
Autocoid |
An extracellular messenger
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Adenosine acts as a what?
What are 3 examples of physiological functions is performs in the body? |
Adenosine acts as an autocoid and regulates a variety of processes:
- vessel dilation - smooth muscle contraction - heart rate |
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What are the high energy bonds in ATP?
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the phosphoanhydride bonds.
These are the bonds connecting the phosphate groups together. |
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3 important nucleotide functions?
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1 - Adenosine derivatives perform various functions (ATP, ADP et. al)
2 - Building blocks for DNA 3 - Building blocks for RNA |
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NADP and FADH perform what important function?
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They carry reducing electrons from catabolic processes to anabolic processes
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What is Chargaff's Rule?
What does it apply to? |
Chargaff's Rule says that:
# A = # T #C = # G This *only* applies to DNA. |
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Define:
Tautomers |
Easily converted isomers that differ only in hydrogen positions.
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5 major features of the Watson and Crick DNA model:
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1) DNA forms a double helix
2) Two DNA strands are antiparallel 3) Surfaces have a major and minor groove 4) Bases are paired with complements on opposite strand. 5) Bases are in the center of the helix |
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In RNA, base pairing can occur intramolecularly, giving rise to...
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...stem-loops!
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3 types of RNA and their function:
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mRNA - Moves information from nucleus to cytoplasm.
tRNA - Decodes; matches 3 bases to AA's rRNA - Catalyses peptide bond formation |
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Describe how nitrogenous bases pair up in a DNA strand.
Many many hydrogen bonds are formed? |
A binds with T via. 2 H-bonds
C binds with G via. 3 H-bonds A purine binds with a pyrimidine. |
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The central dogma of molecular biology is...
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DNA ---> RNA ---> Protein
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Define:
Helix |
A molecule with multiple strands twisting around the same axis
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DNA forms a (right/left) handed helix?
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right
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3 properties of RNA:
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1) Usually single stranded
2a) Can base-pair with itself 2b) Base-pairing stem-loop structures |
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4 main differences between DNA and RNA
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1)
DNA is double stranded RNA is single stranded 2) DNA contains deoxyribose RNA contains ribose 3) DNA contains the bases {A, T, C, G} RNA contains the bases {A, U, C, G} 4) DNA encodes genetic information RNA aids in expression of genetic information |
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RNA ---> DNA by aid of...
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...reverse transcriptase.
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What is the function of tRNA?
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Carries covalently attached amino acids to the ribosome
for synthesis of proteins |
