Biochemistry: Block Iii Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

Front 1

How many ATP are produced from NADH? FADH?

Back 1

3 ATP from NADH and 2 from FADH

Front 2

Complex I : large complex with many protein subunits with FMN and Fe-S centers:

Back 2

NADH Dehydrogenase Complex

Front 3

Which subunit of NADH Dehydrogenase accepts electrons from NADH? What does it do with them?

Back 3

FMN accepts the electrons and passes them to the Fe-S centers.

Front 4

The elecrons are transferred from complex I to complex III by __________.

Back 4

Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone)

Front 5

Complex II: directly connects the respiratory chain of the inner mitochondrial membrane with the TCA cycle.

Back 5

Succinate Dehydrogenase

Front 6

Complex III: has three cytochomes, each with a bound heme

Back 6

Cytochome b-c1

Front 7

Carries electrons from Complex III to Complex IV

Back 7

Cytochome C

Front 8

Complex IV: Creates water, this reaction is why we need O2

Back 8

Cytochome Oxidase

Front 9

Which three things inhibit cytochome oxidase (Complex IV)

Back 9

Azide, Cyanide, and Carbon monoxide

Front 10

If the cycle is entered at NADH dehydrogenase, how many ATP are formed? Which molecule does this?

Back 10

3 ATP - NADH

Front 11

If a molecule enters the cycle at succinate dehydrogenase, how many ATP are formed? Which molecule does this?

Back 11

2 ATP, FADH2

Front 12

Inhibts the B-C1 complex:

Back 12

Antimycin

Front 13

Which two things inhibit NADH dehydrogenase?

Back 13

Rotenone and Amytal

Front 14

________ ________ create a proton leak that allows protons to re-enter the mitochondrial matrix without capturing energy as ATP.

Back 14

Uncoupling proteins

Front 15

Proton ionophores that rapidly transport protons from the cytosol to the matrix of the inner mitochondrial membrane:

Back 15

Chemical uncouplers

Front 16

How do you tell the difference between an uncoupler and an inhibitor of the ETC?

Back 16

Uncouplers stimulate O2 consumption and inibitors decrease O2 consumption

Front 17

DNP- 2,4 dinitrophenol is an example of what?

Back 17

Chemical Uncoupler

Front 18

Brown fat contains a natural proton uncoupler _________.

Back 18

Thermogenin

Front 19

In this shuttle, DHAP is converted to glycerol 3-phosphate which is transported across the MM

Back 19

Glycerol 3-Phophate Shuttle

Front 20

Where does Glycerol 3 Phosphate Shuttle come in the ETC? How many ATP does it produce?

Back 20

Comes in at Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenase) and generates 2 ATP

Front 21

Proteins involved in oxidative Phosphorylation and ETC are encoded for by ________ & _______.

Back 21

Mitochondria and Nuclear Genes

Front 22

The primary enzyme in the malate-aspartate shuttle is:

Back 22

Malate dehydrogenase

Front 23

A gene defect, usually in the mtDNA that may impair oxidative phosphorylation and result in lactic acidosis:

Back 23

OXPHOS Disease

Front 24

Myopathy, encoephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes - hallmarks include bilateral hearing loss, muscle weakness, and stroke like episodes - ragged red fibers

Back 24

MELAS- caused by a mitochondrial disorder(mitochondrial myopathy)

Front 25

What is the location of the ETC?

Back 25

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Front 26

________ are pumped across the inner MM from the matrix to the intermembrane space while ______ are passed from one carrier to another:

Back 26

Protons, electrons.

Front 27

Electrons from glycolysis enter the ETC at which transporter to maximize ATP production?

Back 27

Cytochrome C

Front 28

Glycerol-3 Phosphate system makes how many ATP?

Back 28

2 ATP

Front 29

The glycerol 3 phosphate system converts _________ into G 3-P, which is transported into the mitochondria and reforms ________.

Back 29

DHAP

Front 30

________ ________ converts OAA into malate in the cytosol and the reaction is reversed in the matrix.

Back 30

Malate Dehydrogenase

Front 31

Cytochrome B-C1 has what activity?

Back 31

It contains heme molecules with iron that undergo oxidation and reduction.

Front 32

Accepts electrons from NADH and passes them to Coenzyme Q

Back 32

NADH Dehydrogenase Complex

Front 33

Accepts electrons from Cytochrome B-C1 and passes them to Cytochrome Oxidase:

Back 33

Cytochrome C

Front 34

Interruption of the flow of electrons prevents _____ synthesis and ________ O2 consumption.

Back 34

ATP, Decreases