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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is metabolism?
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sum total of chemical and physical changes (cell, tissue, organ or organism)
goals = energy generation and synths of macromolecules |
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Anabolism
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biosynthesis of macromolecules
energy needed divergent |
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Catabolism
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degradation of dietary nutrients
energy produced convergent |
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Coupling
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energetically linking reactions
reactions occur simultaneously involves ATP |
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Spontaneous reaction
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- delta G, energy yielding
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Non-spontaneous reaction
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+ delta G, energy requiring
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Energy charge close to 1
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lots of ATP around
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Low ATP
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catabolic pathways on
this will make more ATP |
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High ATP
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anabolic pathways on
this will use the ATP to build |
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Allosteric regulation
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negative or positive effect
reversible (non-covalent) & transient effect effector can be substrate or product in same pathway feed forward stimulation & feedback inhibition are types fast acting and short range communication |
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Covalent modification
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negative or positive effect
reversible & transient effect phosphorylation/dephosphorylation (kinases and phosphatases) fast acting and long range communication regulated by hormones |
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induction and repression
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increase or decrease in cellular enzyme levels (mRNA & prots)
permanent effect mediated by hormones response to extracellular signals |
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Committed step (rate-limiting)
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1st irreversible reaction unique to pathway
enzyme for committed step is regulated enzyme |