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13 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is metabolism?
sum total of chemical and physical changes (cell, tissue, organ or organism)

goals = energy generation and synths of macromolecules
Anabolism
biosynthesis of macromolecules

energy needed

divergent
Catabolism
degradation of dietary nutrients

energy produced

convergent
Coupling
energetically linking reactions

reactions occur simultaneously

involves ATP
Spontaneous reaction
- delta G, energy yielding
Non-spontaneous reaction
+ delta G, energy requiring
Energy charge close to 1
lots of ATP around
Low ATP
catabolic pathways on

this will make more ATP
High ATP
anabolic pathways on

this will use the ATP to build
Allosteric regulation
negative or positive effect

reversible (non-covalent) & transient effect

effector can be substrate or product in same pathway

feed forward stimulation & feedback inhibition are types

fast acting and short range communication
Covalent modification
negative or positive effect
reversible & transient effect
phosphorylation/dephosphorylation (kinases and phosphatases)

fast acting and long range communication

regulated by hormones
induction and repression
increase or decrease in cellular enzyme levels (mRNA & prots)

permanent effect

mediated by hormones

response to extracellular signals
Committed step (rate-limiting)
1st irreversible reaction unique to pathway

enzyme for committed step is regulated enzyme