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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In respiration, the electrons are extracted from glucose and ultimately accepted by:
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oxygen
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in respiration, most of the energy in the original glucose molecule is:
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released as heat
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within the cell, glycolysis occurs in:
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the cytoplasm
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the cells NET energy harvest from glycolysis is represented by:
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ATP and NADH
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as part of the first step in the first prepatory phase of glycolysis
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glucose is phosphorylated
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as part of the cleavage step in glycolysis, glucose is:
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converted to g3p and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
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for each molecule of glucose that completes glycolysis, how many NAD molecules are reduced
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2
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in the reaction of glycolysis, ATP is formed:
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by substrate level phosphorylation
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what does the cristae do
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permits the passage of most molecules
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after acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle, the acteyl portion of the molcule:
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is released
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in each turn of the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of ATP are produced?
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1
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in the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of FADH are produced per molecule of glucose?
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2
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the energy released by the flow of electronsalong the electron transport chain is used directly to:
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pump protons
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Why is the Pentose Phosphate pathway also known as the hexosemonophosphate shunt
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it shunts the produced G6P either to glycolysis
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what are the 2 important sectons of the PPP? what occurs in these 2 sections
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oxidative phase-NADP is reduced to NADPH
non-oxidative phase-makes ribose |
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what does the PPP have in common with glycolysis
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3 irreversible steps
produces G6P, F6P, makes NADPH starting materials are the same, intermediates are the same |
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NADPH is related to what coenzyme and how much ATP is produced from one NADPH
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NADH
gives 3 ATP |
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how does glucose enter the PPP? what is the net energy yield
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enters as glucose 6 phosphate and yeilds 2 NADPH
2 ATP after ETC |
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in what tissues is the PPP important and why
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useful to Red Blood Cells and nucleic acids as well as tissues active in fatty acid synthesis
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the first phosphorylation step of glycolysis results in the formation of a molecule of _________
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Glucose 6 Phosphate
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the second phosphorylation step, the glucose molecule is again phosphorylated to form: ______________
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fructose 1-6-biphosphate
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fatty acids are bound to glycerol by formaing an _____
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ester
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unsaturated fatty acids are usually obtained from:
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vegetation
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what is metabolism
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the chemical changes that occur in a cell
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describe the 2 types of metabolism
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anabolism-cell creates a larger molecule throug the combination of smaller ones
-uses energy catabolism-cell creates smaller molecules by breaking down larger ones -releases energy |
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4 important roles of carbohydrates in living organism
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source of energy
storage molecules structure supplies carbon for cellular elements |
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5 classes of lipids
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prostaglandins
triglycerides waxes phosphoglycerides steriods sphingolipids |
