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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reactions all require |
Activation energy
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AE |
energy required to raise the average energy of 1 mole reactant to the transition state energy |
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What is this a graph of |
The alternative pathways, catalysed and uncatalysed |
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ΔG<0
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the reaction proceeds spontanteously |
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ΔG=0 |
the reaction is at equillibrium |
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ΔG>0 |
the reaction runs in reverse and is not spontaneous |
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intramolecular bonds which occur in higher structures |
Hydrogen bonds Hydro(phobic/phillic) interactions Disulfide bonds Ionic interactions |
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Factors that affect enzyme activity |
Substrate concentration Temperature pH Coenzymes and prosthetic groups Isoenzymes Presences of inhibitors or activators |
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Affect of increased substrate |
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Affect of Temperature |
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Michaelis- Menten Kinetics graph |
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Michaelis- Menten Kinetics equation |
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Purpose of Michaelis- Menten Kinetics |
Graph shows initial rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction versus [s] |
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Vmax |
Occurs when enzymes are saturated with [s] |
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Km (rate of reaction) |
(K^-1 + K^2)/K^1 [s] at which V^0 =1/2 Vmax A constant which shows the dependence of V^0 on [s] Is characterisitic for individual enzymes |
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Rate of reaction |
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Inhibitors |
Competitive inhibitors and non-competitive inhibitors |
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Competitive Inhibitors |
Reversible Competes with [s] |
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Non-competitive Inhibitors |
Not reversible Doesn't compete with [s] Attaches to different active site |
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Process of changing Glucose to Glycogen |
Glycogenesis |
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Process of changing Glycogen to Glucose |
Glycogenolysis |
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Process of changing Glucose to Pyruvate |
Glycolysis |
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Process of changing Pyruvate to Glucose |
Gluconeogenesis |
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List all 7 processes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates |
Glycolysis Glycogenesis Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis Krebs Cycle Pentose Phospate Pathway Electron transport chain |
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List the 4 reactions involved in respiration |
Glycolysis Links reaction Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain |
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What happens in anaerobic respiration |
Pyruvate accepts a electron and therefore turns 2NADH into 2NAD+ |
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What are the names of the 6 proteins involved in the protein transport chain? |
NADH-Q reductase Ubiquinone Cytochrome C reductase Cytochrome C Cytochrome C reductase ATP synthase |
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What stores the most chemical energy? |
Lipids |
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By what process is fatty acids turned into Acetyl CoA? |
Fatty acid oxidation
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How is Fatty acid turned into Acetyl CoA? |
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What are the three possible pathways for amino acids? |
left intact for biosynthesis Become carbon skeleton Amino Group- nitrogen disposal by the urea cycle |
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What are the three pathways for carbon skeleton? |
Glucose or glycogen synthesis Cellular respiration Fatty acid synthesis |
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What is transamination? |
The changing of a- amino acids into a- keto acids |
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What is deamination? |
The changing of a- keto acids into a- amino acids |
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What is the difference between glucogenic and ketogenic? |
Glucogenic gives rise glucose in starvation and yield axaloacetate, pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate Ketogenic does not necessarily break down into keto bodies, but can break down into Acetyl CoA. |
