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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most abundant type of organic molecule in nature?
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the carbohydrates
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What are the three major classes of carbohydrates?
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monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides
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What are monosaccharides?
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they are simple sugars that can be either polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones
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What are oligosaccharides?
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they are short chains of monosaccharide units joined together by covalent bonds, usually 2 to 10 units long
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Where are oligosaccharides located?
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they are located on the cell membrane
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What are polysaccharides?
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they are very long chains of monosaccharide units, usually made up of hundreds or thousands or units
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What are the functions of carbohydrates?
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they provide energy when they are oxidized (sugar with lots of C and O is burned), they supply C building blocks after being broken down for the synthesis of cell components, and they store energy to form parts of structural elements and protection of some cells and tissues
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What is the general formula for a monosaccharide?
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(CH2O)n where n is any integer from 3 to 7
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What is an aldose?
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a monosaccharide that contains an aldehyde group
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What is a ketose?
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a monosaccharide that contains a ketone group
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How are monosaccharides classified by number of carbons?
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aldo- or keto- in front, then how ever many C atoms there are (-tri-, -tetr-, -pent-, -hex-, -hept-) and then -oses
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What family does the suffix -ose belong to?
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the sugar family
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What are the two smallest monosaccharides?
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glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone
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What is the simplest aldose?
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glyceraldehyde
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What is the structure of glyceraldehyde?
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COH-CHOH-CH2OH
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