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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Smallest unit of matter
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atom
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Particular type of atom
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element
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Substance made of different types of atoms
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compound
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Atom that has gained or lost an electron
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ion
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transfers electrons
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ionic bond
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Share electrons
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covalent bond
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Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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molecule
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Attraction between a positive hydrogen atom and a negative atom
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hydrogen bond
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Attraction of two molecules of a similar element
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cohesion
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Attraction among molecules of different substances
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adhesion
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Mix of subatances that is the same throughout
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solution
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Substance that dissolves to form a solution
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solvent
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Substance that dissolves in a solvent
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solute
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Compound that releases a proton
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acid
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Compound that removes H+ ions from solution
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base
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A solutions acidity is measured on the pH scale
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pH
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Each subunit in a complete molecule
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monomer
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A large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together
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polymer
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Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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carbohydrates
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Nonpolar molecules that include, fats, oils, cholesterol
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lipid
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Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
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fatty acids
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Polymer made of monomers called amino acids
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proteins
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Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
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amino acids
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Polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides
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nucleic
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Changes substances into different substances
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chemical reaction
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substances changed during a reaction
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reactant
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Substances made by a chemical reaction
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products
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The amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms
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bond energy
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Reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate
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Equilibrium
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The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for chemical reaction to start
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activation energy
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Substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. Increased the rate
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Catalyst
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Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
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enzyme
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Specific reactants that an enzyme acts on
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substrate
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