Biochemistry 1

Front 1

plasma membrane

Back 1

all cells have this, it defines the periphery of the cell, composed of lipid and protein molecules

Front 2

cytoplasm

Back 2

the internal volume enclosed by the plasma membrane

Front 3

what are the four major classes of biomolecules?

Back 3

1. proteins and enzymes
2. nucelic acids
3. carbohydrates
4. lipids and membranes

Front 4

ribosomes:

Back 4

protein synthesis from and RNA message

Front 5

prokaryotic cell:

Back 5

has ribosomes, nucloid and pilli and flagella and cell envelope, is 1-10um long and lacks organelles

Front 6

eukaryotic cells:

Back 6

10-100 um and abundant organelles, animal cells,

Front 7

smooth er

Back 7

site for lipid synthesis and drug metabolism

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level four: cell and its organelles, level three: supramolecular complexes, level 2: macromoleucles level one: monomeric units, name all three sequences

Back 8

1. chromosomes, DNA, nucleotides
2. plasma membrane, protein, amino acids
3. cell wall, cellulose, sugars

Front 9

carbon bonds geometry:

Back 9

tetrahedral, trigonal, linear at 109.5, 120

Front 10

sterioisomers: chiral

Back 10

mirror image of original can NOT be rotated to be superimposed on its mirror image (chiral)

Front 11

achiral

Back 11

mirror image can not be superimposed on one another by rotation, not optically active

Front 12

enantiomers

Back 12

mirror image, has nearly identical chemical properties but different physical properties, equimolar solution is racemic and not optically active

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diastereomers

Back 13

non mirror images that are steroisomers

Front 14

metabolites

Back 14

intermediates in biosynthetic and degradative pathways

Front 15

coenzymes

Back 15

compounds essential to many enzyme-catalyzed reactions, inorganic ions and supramolecular structures as ribosomes

Front 16

proteasomes

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degrade proteins no longer needed by cell

Front 17

gram positive

Back 17

no outer membrane, just peptidoglycan layer and inner membrane, this is the cell envelope

Front 18

cytoskeleton

Back 18

microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin filaments

Front 19

what four are the most abundant elements in living organisms?

Back 19

H, O N and C

Front 20

metabolome

Back 20

the entire collection of small molecules in a given cell such as secondary metabolites and primary metabolites

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macromolules with weights over 5,000 ... shorter polymers are called

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oligomers, proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharidses are oligomers

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characteristics of proteins

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long polymers of amino acids, other than water most of cell, catalytic activity and function as enzymes, versatile sum of all protein action is proteome

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nucleic acids

Back 23

polymers of nucleotides DNA RNA, store adn transmit genetic information and some RNA molecules have structure/catalytic roles

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polysaccharides

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polymers of simple sugars, they are energy-rich fuel sources, rigid structural components, extracellular recognition elements that bind to proteins on other cells

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lipids

Back 25

structural component of membrane, energy rich fuel sources, pigment and intracellular signals

Front 26

stereochemistry

Back 26

the arrangement of molecules in 3D space, they can not be interconverted without temporarily breaking one or more covalent bond

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geometric isomeer

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cis/trans isomers, there is a double bond that does not allow rotation that causes a bond to be stable

Front 28

a molecues with one chiral carbon can have two stereoisomers and when two or more chiral carbons are present there is

Back 28

2^#chiral carbon stereoisomers

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enantiomers

Back 29

stereoisomers that are mirro images of one another

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diastereomers

Back 30

stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another