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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aldose
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a class of monosaccharides in which the most oxidized carbon atom, designated C-1, is aldehydic
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Anomer
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Isomers of a sugar molecule that have different configurations only at the anomeric carbonyl group
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Anomeric Carbon
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The most oxidized carbon atom of a cyclized monosaccharide.
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Epimer
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Isomers that differ in configuration at only one of several chiral centers
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Furanose
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A monosaccharide structure that forms five-membered ring as a result of intramolecular hemiacetal formation
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Glycan
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A general term for an oligosaccharide or a polysaccharide.
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Heteroglycan
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A carbohydrate polymer whose residues consist of two or more different types of monosaccharide
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Homoglycan
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A carbohydrate polymer whose residues consist of a single type of monosaccharide
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Ketose
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A class of monosaccharides in which the most oxidized carbon atom, usually C-2 is ketonic
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Limit Dextrin
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A branched Oligosaccharide derived from a glucose polysaccharide by the hydrolytic action of amylase or the phosphorolytic action of glycogen phosphorylase or starch phosphorylase
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Monosaccharide
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A simple sugar of three or more carbon atoms with the empirical formula CH20
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Oligosaccharide
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A polymer of two to about 20 monosaccharide residues linked by glycosidic bonds
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Polysaccharide
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A polymer of many (usually 20 or more) monosaccharide residues linked by glycosidic bonds. Can be linear or branched
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Pyranose
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A monosaccharide structure that forms a six-membered ring as a result of intramolecular hemiacetal formation
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Substrate Level Phosphorylation
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Phosphorylation of a nucleoside diphosphate by transfer of a phosphoryl group from a non-nucleotide substrate
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Isozyme
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Different proteins from a single biological species that catalyze the same reaction
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Glycolysis
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A catabolic pathway consisting of 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions by which one molecule of glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvate. In the process, two molecules of ATP are formed from ADP + Pi and two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to NADH
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Amylopectin
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A branched version of Amylose
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Amylose
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One form of Starch, is a linear polymer of glucose residues linked by glucosidic bonds. Is hydrated on the inside as well as on the outer surface
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Glucoside
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A glycoside derived from a glucose A specific type of glycoside where glucose supplies the anomeric carbon
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Glycoside
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a compound formed from a simple sugar and another compound by replacement of a hydroxyl group in the sugar molecule
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Glycosidic Bond
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Is the primary structural linkage in all polymers of monosaccharides. Is an acetal linkage in which the anomeric carbon of a sugar is condensed with an alcohol, an amine or a thiol
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Reducing Sugar
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Reduce metal ions such as Cu2+ or Ag+ to insoluble products. Linear polymer there is one reducing end and one nonreducing end
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Triose
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3 Carbon sugars
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