Biochem Vitamins

Front 1

Fat Soluble vitamin. Deficiency leads to bone defects (such as rickets and osteomalacia). Helps with body's ability to absorb calcium and phosphorus. Formed from cholesterol and sunlight

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Vitamin D

Front 2

Family of fat soluble compounds that can be made from beta-carotene. Deficiency leads to dryness of skin, eyes, mucous membranes, retarded growth, night blindness. Too much leads to nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, birth defects, and spontaneous abortions.

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Vitamin A

Front 3

Form of Vitamin A that functions as a hormone and as a pigment in the eye

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Retinol

Front 4

Fat soluble vitamin that has antioxidant capabilities, helping to maintain integrity of cellular membranes. Deficiency is rare but can lead to heart disease.

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Vitamin E

Front 5

Fat soluble vitamin that is a blood-clotting cofactor by undergoing redox reaction to form prothrombin

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Vitamin K

Front 6

Lipid compounds with 4 linear C's and 5 C's off to the side from which vitamins E and K as well as steroids and sterols are derived.

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Isoprenoids

Front 7

Water-soluble vitamin that comes in reduced, oxidized, and ionized forms. It regenerates vit E from its radical form and is required for the hydroxylation of proline in collagen

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Vitamin C

Front 8

Vitamin C deficiency characterized by connective tissue degradation (poor healing, bleeding, tooth loss, bone pain, heart failure)

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Scurvy

Front 9

B vitamin that is important for Carb metabolism by acting as a cofactor in steps of kreb's cycle. Destroyed by excessive cooking of food

Back 9

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Front 10

Thiamine (B1) deficiency characterized by heart failure and peripheral neuropathy, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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Beri-Beri

Front 11

Water soluble vitamin that activates vitamin B6 (pyroxidine). It's involved in many redox reactions and is required for metabolism of amino acids, FA's, and carbs. Not toxic in high doses and deficiency (not common) causes eye and skin problems. FADH2 created from this.

Back 11

Vitamin B2 Riboflavin

Front 12

Water soluble vitamin involved in redox reactions that is synthesized from tryptophan. Deficiency affects all NAD-dependent dehydrogenases.

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Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

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Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency that is characterized by the 4 D's (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death). Was common 100 yrs ago due to high corn-based diet, but now just seen in alcoholics.

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Pellagra

Front 14

Water soluble vitamin with cyanide present that is used to make 2 coenzymes.

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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamine)

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Vitamin B12 deficiency that leads to spinal cord lesions and loss of muscle control and GI problems.

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Pernicious Anemia

Front 16

Water soluble vitamin needed for more than 100 enzymes that play role in protein metabolism. Deficiency rare because it's found in many foods

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Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine

Front 17

Water soluble vitamin that is a precursor to CoA. Deficiency not well characterized in humans

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Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Acid

Front 18

Water soluble vitamin obtained from a variety of foods that is used in Kreb's cycle. Deficiency rare but can come from too much egg whites.

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Biotin (B7)

Front 19

Water soluble vitamin that prevents neural tube defects in developing fetus, as well as heart disease. Deficiency can stop DNA synthesis and cause megaloblastic anemia.

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Folic Acid (B9)

Front 20

Mineral that is a component of oxidases in oxidative metabolism, neurtotransmitter synthesis, and collagen synthesis.

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Copper

Front 21

Mineral that is an essential component of thyroid hormone

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Iodine

Front 22

Mineral that is a component of glutathione peroxidase

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Selenium

Front 23

Mineral that co-regulated ATP with sodium

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Potassium

Front 24

Mineral needed for production of HCl in the stomach and in cellular pump functions

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Chloride

Front 25

Mineral needed for muscle, heart, and digestive system heath, builds bones, supports synthesis and function of blood cells

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Calcium

Front 26

Mineral needed for bones, energy processing, and many other functions.

Back 26

Phosphorus

Front 27

Mineral that is a co-factor in enzyme functions

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Manganese

Front 28

Mineral that oxidases xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase

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Molybdenum

Front 29

Mineral used in processing ATP and for bones. Dietary sources include nuts, soy beans, and cocoa.

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Magnesium

Front 30

Mineral that is a component of oxidases whose deficiency causes retarded growth and impaired wound healing

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Zinc

Front 31

Mineral that is essential in co-regulating ATP with potassium

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Sodium