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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a phospholipid?
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any lipid that contains a phosphate group
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Is sphingomyelin a Sphingolipid or phospholipid?
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yes.
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What is a complex/polar lipid?
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a lipid used to form membranes
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What is a simple/neutral lipid?
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a lipid used for energy storage
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What the fuck are phospholipids used for? 3 things.
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structural/functional membrane constituent
Precursor of second messengers in signal transduction can provide fatty acyl energy |
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Where does phospholipid synthesis occur?
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ER
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What activates the fatty acid for phospholipid synthesis?
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Fatty acyl-CoA synthase and a source of G3P
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What are the six glycerol backbone phospholipids?
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PC(Lecithin), PE(Cephalin), PS, PI, PG, DPG (Cardiolipin)
How do you know what those mean? |
P is for Phosphatidyl and the last letter is for what comes after that: Choline=C inostiol=I
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What is the precursor that is used to form every lipid that has a glycerol backbone?
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Phosphatidic Acid
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What are the 3 ways to make Phosphatidic acid?
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1. use glycerol kinase to form G3P and then + 2 activated fatty acids
2. Add activated fatty acid to DHAP, then reduce w/ NADPH, then + 1 fatty acid 3. Reduce DHAP to Glycerol3P using NADH |
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What is phospholipid remodeling?
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It is where the fatty acids in the membrane phospholipids are swapped out to change the properties of the membrane on an as needed basis
What enzymes does it involve? |
it involves phospholipase A1 and A2
We take fatty acids off the 1 or 2 position and then replace them with different fatty acids |
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What is the enzyme phospholipase A2 involved in?
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remodeling, degradation, and signal transduction
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Which enzymes are involved in phospholipid remodeling and degradation?
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Phospholipase A1 and A2.
What else is A2 involved in? |
Signal transduction
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What are Phospholipase D and C involved in?
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they are degradation enzymes, but also function in signal transduction.
What exactly do they do to the phospholipid? |
C cleaves off the base and phosphate to produce diglyceride.
D just cleaves off the base to produce phosphatidic acid |
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What inhibits phospholipase A2?
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glucocorticoids, like Cortisol
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Which enzymes are involved in phospholipid degradation?
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Phospholipase A1, A2, C, D
What specifically do A1 and A2 do? |
they take off fatty acids in the 1 and 2 position
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What 3 enzymes are involved in signal transduction?
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PLA2, PLC, PLD(PLD1 and PLD2)
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How does phospholipase A2 work in signal transduction?
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it releases a fatty acid from the plasma membrane for EICOSANOID SYNTHESIS
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How does phospholipase C work in signal transduction?
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cleaves the phospholipid to a DIGLYCERIDE(which can be used for eicosanoid synthesis and it activates a protein kinase) and inositol phosphates (promotes Ca+ release)
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How does Phospholipase D work in signal transduction?
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forms phosphatidic acid which probably acts as a 2nd messenger
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What is RDS? Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
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a condition where oxygen cannot be absorbed into hemoglobin in the blood because air sacks can't stay open because they don't contain enough lung surfactant
What can you give to preme's to help them develop those type II phneumocytes faster? |
corticosteroids
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What is the major constituent of lung surfactant?
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DPPC
How is it formed? |
formed by phospholipid remodeling
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