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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ames Test
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Bacteria of Salmonella (His-) to test organism for mutagenicity of compounds
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Antigenic Shift
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2 strains of flu combine to make a new subtype
Mixture of 2 original surface antigens/ strains |
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AZT
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Fools reverse transcriptase step of RNA
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Bacterial Toxin
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Poison from bacterium that can be modified to kill specific tumor cells without harming normal cells
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Base Pairs
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A=T (U replaces T for RNA)
C=G |
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Conjugation
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Temporary union of 2 oneelled organisms
Results in exchange of genetic material |
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DNA Helicase
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Enzyme that catylzes unwinding of DNA helix
During DNA synthesis only |
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DNA Ligase
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Rejoins cute pieces of DNA
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DNA Polymerase
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Catalyzes NEW DNA sythesis on preexisting template of DNA
'reader' |
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Endonuclease
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Recognizes specific, short sequences of DNA
Cuts at those sites |
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Exonuclease
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Cleaves nucleotides sequentially
Cleaving happens from free ends of linear nucleic acid substrate |
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Interferon
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Protein produced naturally by our cells
Increases resistance to virus attack |
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Mutation
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Permanent change- structural alteration
DNA or RNA May be caused by environmental insults (i.e. radiation, mutagenic chemicals) |
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Okazaki Fragment
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Short fragment of DNA created on the lagging strand during DNA replication
Joined together by DNA ligase |
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Promoter
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Binding of RNA polymerase to initiate transcription
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Recombination
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Formation of new combination genes
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Replication
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Making an identical copy of a section of duplex (double-stranded) DNA
Uses existing DNA as a template for synthesis of new DNA strands |
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Rho Factor
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Protein found in prokaryotes
Especially E. Coli Terminates transcription |
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Rifampicin
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Antibiotic drug used in TB
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RNA Polymarase
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Catylizes transcription
Activates pre-cursers (ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP) No primer needed New mRNA has same sequence as coding strand of DNA |
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Sigma Factor
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Sub-Unit of prokaryotic RNA polymarases
Responsible for the initiation of transcription at specific initiation sequences |
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START Codon
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AUG
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Stop Codon
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UGA
UAG UAA |
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Transcription
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DNA sequence is enzymatically copied by an RNA poymerase
Produces complementary RNA |
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Transduction
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Transfer of DNA sequences from one bacterium
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Translation
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mRNA code is converted to a sequence of amino acids
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Exons
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Each one is a domain for a specific action
1: recognition site 2:binding site for NAD+ 3: binding site for Na+ |
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Introns
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May be ancestral viruses
Removal turns of virus |
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Introns & Exons
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Only in Eukaryotics
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Purpose of Introns
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Gives cell ability to remove old viruses
SnRNP |
