Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
what are the names of the two purines? The three pyrimidines?
|
adenine and guanine; thymine cytosine, and uracil
|
None
|
|
|
which pyrimidine is unique to DNA? To RNA?
|
Thymine; Uracil
|
|
|
|
what is the name for a pentose sugar with two hydroxyl groups attached?
|
ribose
|
|
|
|
what is the name for a base plus a ribose sugar unit?
|
ribonucleoside
|
|
|
|
what is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?
|
nucleotides have a phosphate group attached.
|
|
|
|
how are phosphate groups attched to nucleosides? At which point on nucleoside?
|
via ester linkages at 5' hydroxyl
|
|
|
|
why does DNA have a negative charge at physiological pH?
|
because pKa of phosphate group is 1-2 and phosphates have a negative charge at pH 7
|
|
|
|
what type of bond links together nucleotides?
|
3',5' phosphodiester bond
|
|
|
|
polynucleotides are always written in which direction?
|
5' to 3'
|
|
|
|
are DNA strands oriented in a parallel or antiparallel manner
|
antiparallel
|
|
|
|
which type of bonds help to bind purines and pyrimidines?
|
H-bonds
|
|
|
|
how many H-bonds are involved in pairing of A-T? C-G?
|
2; 3
|
|
|
|
other than H-bonds what is another force acting to hold complementary DNA strands together?
|
Hydrophobic effects
|
|
|
|
what is the name for the temperature at which one half of the double stranded DNA molecules denature into single-stranded DNA?
|
Melting Temperature
|
|
|
|
what is the name for the enzyme which unwinds double-stranded DNA?
|
helicases
|
|
|
|
what is the name for the type of DNA found in humans?
|
B-DNA
|
|
|
|
is B-DNA a right-or left-handed helix?
|
right-handed
|
|
|
|
how many base pairs are found per 360 turn in the B-DNA helix?
|
10
|
|
|
|
helical twist in B-DNA is equal to how many degrees? What is the rise of the B-DNA helix?
|
36; 3.4 Angstroms
|
|
|
|
what is the name for the two 'grooves' found in DNA molecules? The uneven nature of these 'grooves' is a result of which phenomenon?
|
major and minor groove; the fact that bases are attached at an angle to ribose sugar
|
|
|
|
which position in the ribose sugar is missing a hydroxyl group in DNA?
|
2'
|
|
|
|
is RNA normally single- or double-stranded
|
single stranded
|
|
|
|
which is more stable, DNA or RNA?
|
DNA
|
|
|
|
what is the name for the complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus?
|
chromatin
|
|
|
|
which 4 histones are responsible for creation of nucleosomes?
|
H2a, H2b, H3, H4
|
|
|
|
how many base pairs are wrapped around a histone complex?
|
140
|
|
|
|
what creates high histone affinity for DNA?
|
positively-charged amino acids such as lysine and arginine.
|
|
|
|
a solenoid fiber has how many nucleosomes per turn?
|
6
|
|
|
|
which histone is associated with linker DNA between nucleosomes?
|
H1
|
|
|
|
regions of DNA that are heavily acetylated are more or less likely to be transcribed to mRNA? These same groups would be more or less likely to be found in solenoid fibers?
|
more likely; less likely
|
|
|
|
what is the name for the enzyme responsible with the acetylation of histones? With the deacetylation?
|
histons acetylase; histone deacetylase
|
|
|
|
human somatic cells contain how many discrete linear molecules of DNA?
|
46 (23 chromosome pairs)
|
|
|
|
to what are solenoid fibers attached in the formation of chromatin?
|
chromosome scaffold
|
|
|
|
do bacterial cells have nuclei? Nucleosomes?
|
no; no
|
|
|
|
are mitochondrial DNA molecules circular or linear?
|
circular
|
|
|
|
is mitochondrial DNA passed via mother or father?
|
mother
|
|
|
|
which tissues are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial DNA mutation?
|
muscle, heart, brain, and eye
|
|
