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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The bioelements are
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C, H, N, O, P, S, Ca,
Na, Mg, K, Cl... B, Pt, Li |
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why is it that most on biological molecules are carbon based
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the same reason nature makes most molecules organic compounds. The bond energies of Carbon with anyother element differs slightly from 90 kcal/mol and therefore there is a minimal energy gradient to overcome.
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The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells
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Cell wall
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The semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell
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cell membrane
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The fluid component of cytoplasm, excluding organelles and the insoluble, usually suspended, cytoplasmic components.
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cytosol
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The part of a bacterium or virus that contains nucleic acid and is analogous in function to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
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nucleoid
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A minute round particle composed of RNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm of living cells and serves as the site of assembly for polypeptides encoded by messenger RNA.
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ribosomes
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A cellular or cytoplasmic particle, especially one that stains readily.
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storage granules
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The internal framework of a cell, composed largely of actin filaments and microtubules.
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Cytoskeleton
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A long, threadlike appendage, especially a whiplike extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms that functions as an organ of locomotion.
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flagellum
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A hair or hairlike structure, especially on the surface of a cell or microorganism.
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pili
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What is the bond angle of water?
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104.5
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How does the regiochemistry of water effect hydrogen bonding?
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Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds but are strongest when they are completely linear. App. 19 kcal/mol.
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The four colligative properties of any solvent (water):
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with impurities in solvent:
1.) F.P goes down 2.) B.P goes up 3.) Lower Vapor pressure 4.) Lower Osmotic Pressure |
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What is the effect of Water's dielectric constants
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Water has the highest dielectric constant of any solvent and THEREFORE makes it a great insulator.
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What from a biochemistry standpoint is so important about water's dielectric constant?
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All cells are in aqueous environments and therefore allow oppositely charged proteins to stay intact. Outside the cell, they break apart because of their regions of dipoles.
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Brønsted argued that all acid-base reactions involve the transfer of an H+ ion, or proton. Water reacts with itself, for example, by transferring an H+ ion from one molecule to another to form an H3O+ ion and an OH- ion.
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Bronsted Lowry Acids and bases
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Molecules that give off H+
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Bronsted Acids
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Molecules that are proton acceptors
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Bronsted bases
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An electron pair acceptor is a
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Lewis Acid
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An electron pair donor is a
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Lewis base
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What does neutrality mean or Keq mean in chemistry?
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NOT pH= 7. Neutrality is where the concentration of anions is equal to that of cations (H+ and OH-)
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The pKw of water is accepted to be.... what is it dependent on... If the temperature was raised how would you expect the pkw to change?
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14
Temperature pkW goes down |
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Any substance (even HCl) is a good buffer where?
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within 1 pH unit of its pkA.
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Proteins are made up of... which are ampholytes which means...
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Amino acids; they have both acidic and basic properties.
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