Biochem Recap Lecture (Transamination)

Front 1

Transamination

Back 1

isoenergetic PLP (vitamin B6) dependent process; uses shiff base of aldehyde of PLP; it transfers a nitrogen to the PLP and then a keto acid (alpha keto glutaric acid) accepts that acid; and the pyridine ring acts as an electron storage device

Front 2

making ammonia (glutamate dehydrogenase)

Back 2

Glutamate dehydrogenase (found largely in liver, brain, pancreas, and kidney; NOT SO MUCH IN THE MUSCLE CELL; major pathway for making amoinia in the pathway especially in the liver; NAD+ dependant.

Front 3

making ammonia (serine and threonine)

Back 3

serine and threonine dehydrogenase; PLP dependent enzymes that releases ammonia

Front 4

making ammonia (urocanate)

Back 4

makes ammonia from histidine without PLP

Front 5

Removing amonia (Glutamine synthase)

Back 5

ATP dependent enzyme

Front 6

Removing ammonia (glutamate dehydrogenase)

Back 6

also removes ammonia

Front 7

ammonia is toxic

Back 7

therefore; alanine glucose cycle.

Front 8

alanine glucose cycle

Back 8

nitrogen from amino acid transferred to pyruvate in muscle (this makes alanine); this alanine flows to the blood where it meets the liver; and then it's converted back to pyruvate; and via gluconeogenesis you get glucose again.

Front 9

kidney cells (use glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase to make ammonia

Back 9

ammonia ions are transported to urine

Front 10

Hepatic cells (ammonia redirection)

Back 10

Use AST and glutamate dehydrogenase to make aspartate and ammonia for the urea cycle