Biochem Module 1 And 2 Final

Front 1

Define specific activity

Back 1

ratio of activity to total mg of protein (measured in biological/chemical processes)
increases as purity increases
assay = determine specific activity

Front 2

How re cells fractionalized?

Back 2

1) grind
2) freeze/thaw
3) high freq. sound waves
4) high pressure
5) hydrolysis of cell wall, lyse membrane (bacteria)
6) if secretes centrifuge to separate

Front 3

common purification methods

Back 3

1) bulk methods (salt out)
2) molecular sieve
3) ion exchange chromatography (charge of molecule)
4) disc electrophoresis - size and charge
5) affinity chromatography

Front 4

affinity chromatography

Back 4

interactions between molecule of interest and compound
ex: bind molecule of interest to enzyme and filer out
*use later on with more pure compound to prevent interactions

Front 5

describe denaturation

Back 5

*does not affect primary structure
1) heat - destroys alpha and beta sheets
2) chemicals - break H bonds (2)
3) Reducing agents - break disulfide bonds (3)
4) heavy metal ions - attack salt bridges (3)
alcohol - coagulates

Front 6

primary structure

Back 6

sequence of aa = polypeptide chain
each protein is unique
responsible for other structures
starts at n-terminus, finishes at c-terminus

Front 7

secondary structure

Back 7

H bonding between alpha (springs) and beta (sheets)
bonds between peptide backbone
repeating patterns

Front 8

tertiary structure

Back 8

interactions of side chains
bonds: covalent, H,salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions, metal ion coordination
3d

Front 9

quaternary structure

Back 9

polypeptide subunits form a whole
only proteins with subunits
ex: hemoglobin, collagen, integral membrane proteins

Front 10

covalent bonds

Back 10

disulfide bonds
link between two chains or two parts of the same chain
(share electrons)

Front 11

hydrogen bonding

Back 11

between backbone -C=O and -N-H groups

Front 12

salt bridges

Back 12

2 amino acids with ionized side chains
or
acidic + basic aa

Front 13

hydrophobic interactions

Back 13

polar groups outward, nonpolar inwards

Front 14

metal ion coordination

Back 14

2 side chains with same charge linked