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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 normal functions of endothelial cells?
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Vasodiltion
inhibition of inflamation inhibition of coagulation inhibition of migration of monocytes, T cells and VSMC |
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What is the metabolite that is responsible for the 4 functions of endothelial cells? How is it synthesized?
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NO, made from L-arginine by the eNOS enzyme
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How does NO effect platelet activation, VSMC migration and growth, inflammation and vasodilation?
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By binding guanylyl cyclase in the target cells and increasing cGMP
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What are the 4 steps of atherosclerosis?
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Lesion of endothelium, macrophage oxidation of LDL forming foam cells, formation of fibrous cap from SM fibrous secretion and necrotic core from dead foam cells and LDL deposition, Advanced lesions(plaque rupture\stenosis)
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How are Fatty streaks formed?
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macrophages secrete ROS that oxidize LDL which are ligands for scavenger receptors on MF's. Causes formation of foam cells and deposition leads to fatty streak
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Are LDL scavenger receptors down regulated in response to high intracellular cholesterol?
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No, leads to rapid accumulation and fatty streak
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How is the fibrous cap of a athersclerotic plaque formed?
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VSMC cells secrete fibrous secretion near intima after migration there. This combines with Ca to harden and form fibrous cap
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Do homocystiene and estrogen promote or inhibit plaque formation?
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H= promote
E=inhibit |
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What 2 inc\dec lipid panel levels increase risk of atherosclerosis?
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Low HDL and High LDL
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What are some modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
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HTN, abdominal obesity, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, inactivity
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What are some non-modifiable risks of atherosclerosis?
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Gender\age= male>45
female >55 Family history |
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How does HDL lower atherosclerosis risk?
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Reverse LDL transport from tissues
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How do SFA increase risk of CVD?
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SFA's increase serum LDL's by decreasing hepatic LDL receptors
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What are 2 major sources of SFA's in American diet?
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Cheese and red meat
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How do MUFA and PUFA's affect LDL and HDL?
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MUFA= Lower LDL, no change in HDL
PUFA= Lower LDL, slightly lower HDL(benefits of low LDL outweight) |
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How do trans fats affect LDL and HDL?
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Increase LDL
Lower HDL BAD!!!! |
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What are the benefits of eating more SMASH?
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Fish high in Omega 3 FA are competitors of PG synthesis NZ. PG's derived from O-3's (vs O-6) are weaker platelet aggrigators= lower blood viscosity
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What is more important for serum LDL? Amount and type of FA or dietary cholesterol?
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Amount and type of Fats ingested
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Why are nuts good for cholesterol?
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They contain a mix of MUFA and PUFA which act in combination to decrease LDL better than MUFA of PUFA alone
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Do high fat diets correlate to increased risk of CVD?
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No just the amount of saturated fat and trans fat
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Why are plant cholesterols beneficial(stannols and sterols)?
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They compete for incorporation into micelles with LDL's
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How is dietary fiber benifical for cholesterol levels?
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Decreases absorbtion of Cholesterol and bile from the intestines
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How do exercise and moderate alcohol consumption help cholesterol?
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Both increase level of serum HDL
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