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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Facts about Insulin
Firsts? Molecular Weight? Units of activity/ mg? Conc in blood? |
1st protein seq determined, 1st protein synthesized, 1st made w/ rDNA tech.
MW=5734 kDa, UA = 23-30 / mg, Blood conc = .4ng/ml |
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Islets of Langerhans:
exocrine or endocrine? B cells make? A cells make? |
endocrine
B - insulin A - glucagon |
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What are the main energy metabolism hormones?
Accessory hormones? |
Insulin and Glucagon
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
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Insulin:
_____ bond between A and B chain? # of AA in A and B? incr/decr glucose uptake? incr/decr lipogenesis? |
Disulfide bond (A7->B7, A20->B19)
(also disulfide bond A6->A11) A = 21, B = 30 increase gluc uptake increase lipogenesis |
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Insulin in Brain
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Glucose transport in brain is NOT dependent on insulin. Insulin does reduce hunger by acting on the hypothalamus.
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Liver:
Insulin effect on PPP? On Glycolysis? on Gluconeogenesis? |
incr activity of PPP (utilization of NADH accompanies incr fatty acid syn)
incr glycolysis, carbs converted to acetyl CoA, FA syn incr, release of lipoprotein incr decr gluconeogenesis |
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Liver
Insulin effect on glycogen? |
incr synthesis
degrades cAMP by activating cAMP phosphodiesterase. Causes regulatory enzymes to be dephosphorylated. i.e. glycogen phosphorylase which becomes inactive, and glycogen synthetase which becomes active. |
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Insulin in Liver on uptake of glucose?
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due to activation of utilization pathways, NOT through direct effect of insulin on glucose transport into liver.
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Insulin in Adipose:
promotes uptake of _____ & ______? promotes synthesis of ____? inhibits _______? Incr activity of ______ and _________ generation? |
Fatty acids and glucose
syn of triacylglycerols inhibits lipolysis PPP & NADH generation |
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Insulin in Muscle Cells:
Incr transport of ? Stimulates synthesis of ? |
glucose and AAs
glycogen and proteins |
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Insulin in MM
incr glucose transport through ________? Activation of ______ & ______ enzymes resulting in __________? |
GLUT4
hexokinase and glycogen synthase conversion of glucose to glycogen |
