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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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glycolysis ultimately converts _ _____ to ___ ________, and it nets ____ ____
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-1 glucose, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP
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In anaerobic conditions, ____ ____ is converted to ___ _____, netting __ _______.
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-1 pyruvate, 1 lactate, 1 NAD+
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2 stages of glycolysis
energy of each stage |
-hexose stage (-2 ATP)
-triose stage (+4 ATP) (net = +2 ATP) |
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steps of hexose stage (4)
When is ATP used |
1) glucose -> glucose 6-phosphate
2) fructose 6-P 3) fructose 1,6 bisP 4) 2 glyceraldehyde 3-P (3C) (acually 1 glyceraldehyde 3-P, and 1 dihydroxyacetone P) -ATP used in steps 1 & 3 |
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steps of triose stage (6-10)
Energy change |
6) glycerald. 3-P -> 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
7)-> 3-Phosphoglycerate 8)-> 2-" " 9) Phosphoenolpyruvate 10) Pyruvate -NADH + H produced at 5 -ATP produced at 7 & 10 (x2 for 2 molec.'s) |
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Which steps in glycolysis are irreversible?
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- #3 (w/ phosphofructokinase-1, aka PFK-1)
- #10 (w/ pyruvate kinase) |
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Control of glycolysis:
what at which steps |
-Step #1: hexokinase <- glc 6-P inhibited
-Step #3: PFK-1 (ring opening) <- ATP, citrate inhibited; Activated by AMP, ADP |
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gluconeogenesis
occurs where uses |
-synthesis of glucose from other noncarb precursors
-liver -2 pyruvate, -6 ATP |
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Pentose-Phosphate Pathway:
use produces occurs |
-alt to glycolysis
-NaDPH and ribose 5-phosphate (used in RNA/DNA synth) -in the cytosol |
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control of Pent-Phos Path
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-steps 1 (&2?), Glucose 6-P DHase, stim'ed by NADP+
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what are the important products of pyruvate DHase?
where does it occur |
-Acetyl CoA, NADH+
-Pyruvate enters mitoch., occurs in matrix |
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3 stages of beta-oxidation pathway
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(lipids)
1) activation (in cytosol) 2) transport (into mitoch.) 3) degradation, 2C's at a time (matrix) |
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carnitine shuttle system
enzymes used |
-shuttles activated fatty a's across inner mitoch. membrane into the matrix
-carnitine acyltransferase I (in intermambrane space), and II (in matrix) |
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4 steps (generally) of beta-ox. pathway
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-oxidation
-hydration -further oxidation -thiolysis |
