Biochem-Glycolysis

Front 1

Use Glycolysis exclusively don't use Fatty Acids

Back 1

1. Red Blood Cells
2. Brain

Front 2

Heart Muscles

Back 2

70% of ATP from Beta-Oxidation of Fatty Acids

Front 3

Glucose + 2ADP + 2NAD(+) + 2Pi

Back 3

2pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + H(+) + H2O

Front 4

Red Blood Cells

Back 4

oxygen carrier, don't have mitachondria, EPR,

Front 5

Phosphorylation helps retain what

Back 5

retain glucose inside the cell since the plasma membrane is impermeable to charged molecules

Front 6

Why you get lactose in muscles

Back 6

Not enough NADH when exercising then you get lactate instead to regenerate NADH

Front 7

isozymes

Back 7

Are different proteins from one species that catalyze the same chemical reaction.

Front 8

Hexokinases I, II, III

Back 8

lower Km values -6 to -4, allosterically inhibited by physiological concentrations of their immediate product Glucose-6-phosphate

Front 9

Hexokinase IV or Glucokinase

Back 9

has a higher Km value of -2, at high glucose levels it is active, not allosterically inhibited by Glucose-6-phospate

Front 10

3rd step- Phosphofructokinase-1

Back 10

Rxn catalyzed by PFK-1 is metabolically irreversible and is a critical regulatory pt for glycolysis in most cells. Regulation is needed because some hexoses other than glucose can enter the glycolytic pathway by conversion to fructose 6-phosphate. The PFK-1 catalyzed rxn is the first committed step of glycolysis because some substrates bypass the hexokinase-catalyzed step and b/c glucose 6-phosphate can enter other pathways rather than continue through glycolysis.

Front 11

Liver is mediator how?

Back 11

takes up lactate uses lactate dehydrogenase in reverse direction (it's differ isozyme) lactate back to pyruvate, can be converted back to glucose and back to muscle cells

Front 12

Yeast and Bacteria- 2 step process to make

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Ethanol

Front 13

4 Fates of Pyruvate

Back 13

1. Can be converted to acetyl CoA to be used in metabolic pathways

2. Can be carboxylated to produce Oxaloacetate, an intermediate in the synthesis of glucose

3. Some species it can be reduced to produce ethanol, takes place under anaerobic conditions wither citric acid cycle is unfavorable

4. In some species pyruvate can be reduced to lactate. Lactate can be transported to cells that convert it back to pyruvate for entry into one of the other pathways. Anaerobic