Biochem: Glycogen Metabolism Ch 21

Front 1

two major storage sites of glycogen

Back 1

liver and skeletal muscle

Front 2

3 steps of glycogen degredation

Back 2

1 release of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen
2 remodeling of glycogen to permit further degredation
3 conversion of glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate for further metabolism

Front 3

3 fates of glucose-6-phosphate

Back 3

1 intiate in glycolysis
2 converted into free glucose to be released in the bloodstream
3 can be processed by pentose phosphate pathway to yield NADPH and ribose derivatives

Front 4

cellulose in regards to glucose

Back 4

major structural component polysaccharide comprised of glucose molecules (beta 1,4 linkages)

Front 5

starch in regards to glucose

Back 5

major structure form in plants (alpha 1,4 linkages)

Front 6

what is the significance of branching?

Back 6

1 increases the sites for synthesis and degredation
2 enhances the solubility of the molecule

Front 7

community vs. self oriented

Back 7

the liver degrades and synthesizes glucose for the whole organism whereas the muscle degrades glucose for the muscle

Front 8

___ regulation by metabolites changes enzymatic activities to meet the needs of the cell

Back 8

allosteric

Front 9

__ regulation adjusts metabolism to meed the needs of the organism

Back 9

hormonal

Front 10

processive enzyme

Back 10

enzyme that does not have to dissociate and reassociate after each catalytic step

Front 11

equilibrium for phosphorylase favors what state of the glycogen phosphorylase?

Back 11

a favors the R state (relaxed, more active state)
b favors the T (tense, less active state)

Front 12

what causes phosphorylase to enter b state?

Back 12

(b state=inactive state) during exercise when ATP and glucose-6-phoshate is high

Front 13

what happens tp phosphorlysae when exercise commences?

Back 13

phos. enters b state (relzed state) because of the elevated levels of AMP

Front 14

Phosphorylase kinase is regulated by

Back 14

phosphorylation and Ca+ binding

Front 15

what two hormones trigger the break down of glycogen?

Back 15

epinephrine and glucagon