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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Purpose of glycogen stores in:
1) Liver 2) mm |
1) maintain resting glucose
2) generate ATP |
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Influence of insulin on transport of glucose into hepatic and extrahepatic cells?
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introduction to glucose in mm cell facilitated by hexokinase which is a constitutive enzyme meaning it is not influenced by insulin(insulin induction in the skeletal & fat mm occurs with the glucose transporters). hepatic cells take up glucose by glucokinase enzyme which is an inducable enzyme (activated by insulin).
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Hexokinase
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Km=0.01mM
constitutive enzyme in tissues in general inhibited by product |
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Glucokinase
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Km=10mM
induced enzyme in liver not inhibited by product (glu-6-P) |
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What is significance of glucose -6-Phosphate?
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phosphorylating glucose traps it inside cell
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debrancher enzyme
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Glucagon world
glycogen to G1P. debrances |
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glycogen phosphorylase
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Glucagon world
glycogen to G1P dephosphorylates |
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Glycogen synthase
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Insulin world
G1P to glycogen makes glycogen |
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4:6 Transferase (branching enzyme)
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Insulin world
G1P to glycogen branches for packaging in glycogen |
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what is glycogenin
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protein that controls number of glycosyl units
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Formation of Branches
2 Enzymatic activities |
1) a1-4 glucosidase
2) a1-4:a1-6 transferase |
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Debranching
2 Enzymatic activites |
1) a1-4:a1-4 transferase
2) a1-6 glucosidase |
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McArldle's disease
1)Enzyme 2)Organ 3)Symptoms 4) problem |
1)muscle glycogen phosphorylase
2) skeletal muscle 3) weakness & cramping w/ excersize 4) can't mobilize glycogen from cell |
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Hers
1)Enzyme 2)Organ 3)Symptoms 4) problem |
1) Liver glycogen phosphorylase
2) Liver 3) mild fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegly 4) can't mobilize glycogen from cell |
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Von Gierke's
1)Enzyme 2)Organ 3)Symptoms 4) problem |
1) glucose-6-phosphatase
2) Liver 3) severe hypoglycemia, hepatomegly 4) total block of glucose getting out to organism |
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Purpose of glycogen stores in:
1) Liver 2) mm |
1) maintain resting glucose
2) generate ATP |
|
|
Influence of insulin on transport of glucose into hepatic and extrahepatic cells?
|
introduction to glucose in mm cell facilitated by hexokinase which is a constitutive enzyme meaning it is not influenced by insulin. hepatic cells take up glucose by glucokinase enzyme which is an inducable enzyme (activated by insulin).
|
|
|
Hexokinase
|
Km=0.01mM
constitutive enzyme in tissues in general inhibited by product |
|
|
Glucokinase
|
Km=10mM
induced enzyme in liver not inhibited by product (glu-6-P) |
|
|
What is significance of glucose -6-Phosphate?
|
phosphorylating it traps it inside cell
|
|
|
debrancher enzyme
|
Glucagon world
glycogen to G1P. debrances |
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glycogen phosphorylase
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Glucagon world
glycogen to G1P dephosphorylates |
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Glycogen synthase
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Insulin world
G1P to glycogen makes glycogen |
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|
4:6 Transferase (branching enzyme)
|
Insulin world
G1P to glycogen branches for packaging in glycogen |
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|
what is glycogenin
|
protein that controls number of glycosyl units
|
|
|
Formation of Branches
2 Enzymatic activities |
1) a1-4 glucosidase
2) a1-4:a1-6 transferase |
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|
Debranching
2 Enzymatic activites |
1) a1-4:a1-4 transferase
2) a1-6 glucosidase |
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|
McArldle's disease
1)Enzyme 2)Organ 3)Symptoms 4) problem |
1)muscle glycogen phosphorylase
2) skeletal muscle 3) weakness & cramping w/ excersize 4) can't mobilize glycogen from cell |
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Hers
1)Enzyme 2)Organ 3)Symptoms 4) problem |
1) Liver glycogen phosphorylase
2) Liver 3) mild fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegly 4) can't mobilize glycogen from cell |
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Von Gierke's
1)Enzyme 2)Organ 3)Symptoms 4) problem |
1) glucose-6-phosphatase
2) Liver 3) severe hypoglycemia, hepatomegly 4) total block of glucose getting out to organism |
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Pompe's
1)Enzyme 2)Organ 3)Symptoms 4) problem |
1) lysosomal a1-4 glucosidase
2) all organs 3) gardiomegaly; hepatomegaly 4) can't dispose of glycogen |
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Regulateion of glycogen synthase in
1)liver 2) skeletal mm |
1)+ insulin & glucose
-glucagon & epinephrine 2) + insulin - epinephrine |
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Regulateion of glycogen phosphorylase in
1)liver 2) skeletal mm |
1) + epinephrine & glucagon
- insulin 2) + epinephrine, AMP, & Ca2+ (through calmodulin) - insulin & ATP |
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1) Phosphorylase A
2) Phosphorylase B |
1) Hormonally induced by glucagon, epinephrine, or Ca into glycogen degradation
2) Locally regulated by AMP into glycgoen regulation |
