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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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three parts of insulin molecule
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a chain, b chain, c-peptide
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how do you activate insulin
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clip c-peptide
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insulin is a _______ soluable molecule
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water
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normal blood glucose level
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5mM; 60-90 mg/mL
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1)insulin _____ blood glucose
2)glucagon _____ blood glucose |
1)lowers
2) increases |
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what are the different typses of cells in the pancreas and what do they secrete
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A cell = glucagon
B cells insulin D cell = somatostatin Asinine cells = proteolytic enzymes |
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How do pancreatic B cells know to secrete insulin?
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Glut 2 –on pancreas & liver senses blood gluc
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insulin peaks how many minutes after a high carb meal
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60 min
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effect on insulin in the muscle
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stimulates glucose uptake and consumption
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effect of glucagon on liver
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stimulates glucose synthesis and export
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insulin effects blood glucose in these ways by influencing what enzyme ?
1)increasing glucose uptake (mm, fat) 2)Increase glucose uptake (liver) 3)increased glycogen synthesis (liver, mm) 4)decrease glycogen breakdown 5)increase glycolysis, acetyl-CoA production (liver,mm) 6)increase FA synthesis (liver) 7)increase tryglycerol synthesis (adipose tissue) |
1)GLUT4
2)increased glucokinase expression 3)increase glycogen synthase 4)decrease glycogen phosphorylase 5)increase PFK 1 (by increase PFK2) 6)increase Acetyl CoA carboxylase (amphibolic,ABC) 7)increase lipoprotien lipase |
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What is utility of C peptide?
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Check endogenous insulin levels by checking C – peptide
Exogenous = no C peptide Check complience w/ insulin/C peptide ratio. In insulin complience this should be large. |
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Glucagon effects blood glucose in these ways by influencing what enzyme?
1)increasing glycogen breakdown(liver) 2)decreased glycogen synthesis 3)decreased glycolysis(liver) 4) increased gluconeogenesis (liver) 5)increase FA mobilization (adipose) 6) increase ketogengenesis |
1)increased glycogen phosphorylase
2)decreased glycogen synthase 3)decreased PFK-1 4)increase FPBase-2 5)increase triglycerol lypase phosphorylation 6)increase Acetyl Co-A (amphibolic, ABC)carboxylase |
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physiological & metabolic effects of Epinephrine
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PHYSIOLOGICAL
increase heart rate increase BP increase dialation of resp passages METABOLIC increase glycogen breakdown (mm & liver) decrease glycogen synthesis (mm & liver) increase gluconeogenesis (liver) increase glycolysis (mm) increase FA mobilization (fat cell) increse glucagon secretion decrease insulin secretion |
