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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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can fatty acids be esterified directly to glycerol?
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no
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synthesis of TAGS requires ____ and _____.
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fatty acids and glcerol
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what is the starting material for fatty acids?
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acetyl-CoA
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where is acetyl-CoA produced?
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mitochondria
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fatty acid synthesis takes place where?
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cytosol
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to make the assembly of fatty acids, you need the enzyme____.
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fatty acid synthase
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what cofactor is important in fatty acid synthesis?
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NADPH
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citrate lyase converts citrate to ______ in the cytosol.
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acetyl-CoA
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_____ is transported out of the mitochondrion to export acetyl-CoA?
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citrate
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To get OAA back into the mitochondrion, it has be converted into what in order to pass through the membrane?
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pyruvate
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In fatty acid synthesis, all acetyl-CoA's (except for the first) must be converted into what?
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malonyl-CoA
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______ is essential-tightly bound to the enzyme-acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (during malonyl-CoA)
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biotin
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what is the control (rate-limiting) step in fatty acid synthesis?
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the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA
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True or false, the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA is reversible?
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false, it is irreversible.
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Malonyl-CoA is stimulated by?
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citrate
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malonyl-CoA is inhibited by?
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epinephrine and glucagon
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the end product of TAG is what?
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palmitoyl-CoA
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true or false, palmitoyl stimulates the synthesis of TAG's?
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false, it inhibts, bc its the end product (end product inhibition)
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during the priming reaction of TAG's, the intermediates are attached to what?
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acyl-carrier protein
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the acyl unit of the condensation rxn of TAG's is transfered to?
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beta-keto-acyl-ACP synthase
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the condensation rxn of tags with malonyl-ACP release CO2 and produces?
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4 c, acetoacetyl-ACP
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to make fatty acids, convert COOH to?
How many times do you repeat to make a fatty acid chain? |
CH2
4 |
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What cofactor is used to reverse beta-oxidation?
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NADPH & H
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where does TAG synthesis usually stop?
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C-16, ie. palmitoyl-ACP
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during the synthesis of palmitic acid, each cycle requires how many NADPH's and releases how many CO2?
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2 NADPHs (a total of 14, b/c 7 cycles)
1 CO2 ( a total of 7, b/c 7 cycles) |
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In the mitochondrion, _____ is used?
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acetyl-CoA
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in the ER, ____ is used?
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malonyl-CoA
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you need ______rxn.s to make a TAG chain > 16 C?
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special elongation rxns
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mammals cannot desaturate fatty acids past?
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delta 9
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ACC2 knockout mice store less____ .
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lipid
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with a decrease in malonyl-CoA, there is a __ in oxidation and ___ in synthesis.
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increase in oxidation
decrease in synthesis |
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synthesis of TAGs occurs where?
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in the ER
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what do fatty acids have to activated by?
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Glycerol-3-P and acyl-CoA
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what is the precursor of phospholipid synthesis?
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phosphatidic acid
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Activation of what is required for phospholip synthesis?
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CTP
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cholesterol comes from?
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the carbons of acetyl-CoA
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