Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
mutation
|
an inheritable change in the nucleotide sequence of a chromosome
|
|
metabolism
|
The entire set of enzyme-catalyzed transformations of organic molecules in living cells; the sum of anabolism and catabolism
|
|
catabolism
|
the phase of intermediary metabolism concerned with the energy-yielding degradation of nutrient molecules
|
|
anabolism
|
the phase of intermediary metabolism concerned with the energy-requiring biosynthesis of cell components from smaller precursors
|
|
activation energy
|
the amount of engery (in joules) required to convert all the molecules in 1 mole of a reacting substance from the ground state to the transition state
|
|
equilibrium
|
the state of a system in which no further net change is occurring; the free energy is at a minimum
|
|
exergonic reaction
|
a chemical reaction that proceeds with the release of free energy (that is, for which delta G is negative
|
|
endergonic reaction
|
a chemical reaction that consumes energy (that is, for which delta G is positive
|
|
free energy change (Delta G)
|
the component of the total energy of a system that can do work at constant temp and pressure
|
|
enthalpy
|
the heat content of a system
|
|
entropy
|
the extent of randomness or disorder in a system
|
|
conformation
|
the spatial arrangement of substituent groups that are free to assume different positions in space, without breaking any bonds, because of the freedom of bond rotation
|
|
chiral center
|
an atom with substituents arranged so that the molecule is not superimposable on its mirror image
|
|
configuration
|
the spatial arrangement of an organic molecule that is conferred by the presence of either double bonds or 2 chiral centers around which sub. groups are arranged in a specific sequence
|
|
stereoisomers
|
compouds that have the same composition and the same order of atomic connections, but different molecular arrangements
|
|
cytoskeleton
|
the filamentous network providing structure and organization to the cytoplasm; includes actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments
|
|
eubacteria
|
-one of the five kingdoms of living organisms
-Eubacteria have a plasma membrane but no internal organelles or nucleus |
|
archaebacteria
|
one of five kingdoms of living organisms
- includes many species that thrive in extreme environments of high ionic strength, high temp, or low pH |
|
prokaryote
|
a bacterium; a unicellular organism with a single chromosome, no nuclear envelope and no membrane-bounded organelles
|
|
eukaryote
|
a unicellular or multicellular organism with cells having a membrane bounded nucleus, multiple chromosomes, and internal organelles
|
|
genome
|
all the genetic information encoded in a cell or virus
|
|
nucleus
|
in eukaryotes, a membrane bounded organelle that contains chromosomes
|
|
metabolite
|
a chemical intermediate in the enzyme-catalyzed reactions of metabolism
|