Biochem Ch. 5

Front 1

____ is the process by which RNA chains are made from DNA templates

Back 1

transcription

Front 2

T/F a primer is required for RNA

Back 2

false, only DNA requires primer

Front 3

Enzymes that catalyze transcription process

Back 3

RNA polymerase

Front 4

In eukaryotes, the __ has to be deassociated from DNA so that the double strand can be separated

Back 4

histone

Front 5

___ is the major control of gene expression and is one of the parts of transcription

Back 5

initiation

Front 6

Part of transcription which is the actual synthesis of the RNA chain

Back 6

elongation

Front 7

Part of transcription where RNA polymerase binds to promoter

Back 7

initiation

Front 8

eukaryotic transcription takes place in the ___

Back 8

nucleus or mitochondrial matrix

Front 9

T/F: in both eukaryotes AND prokaryotes, in order for transcription to take place, the double helix must be unwound

Back 9

true

Front 10

DNA sequences that stimulate transcription but are located further away from the initiation site

Back 10

enhancers

Front 11

Starting at the transcription initiation site, gene numbers will be positive as you go (upstream/downstream)

Back 11

downstream. (transcription initiation site is +1)

Front 12

What do enhancers stimulate?

Back 12

prokaryotic RNA and eukaryotic mRNA

Front 13

enhancers, silencers, and promoters are
A. proteins
B DNA sequences
C. Enzymes
D. transcription factors

Back 13

B. DNA sequences

Front 14

activators and repressors are:
A. proteins
B DNA sequences
C. Enzymes
D. transcription factors

Back 14

Both
A. proteins
D. transcription factors

Front 15

T/F Enhancers are orientation dependant

Back 15

false, enhancers can function in either orientation at variable distance from promoter (orientation independent)

Front 16

specialized DNA sequences required for transcription initiation.

Back 16

promoters

Front 17

Promoters are located upstream/downstream from initiation start site.

Back 17

short distance upstream

Front 18

RNA polymerase synthesizes DNA in the 3' to 5' or 5' to 3' direction?

Back 18

5' to 3'

Front 19

T/F RNA polymerase consists of a single subunit

Back 19

False, multisubunit enzyme

Front 20

What makes up the core enzyme in the E. Coli RNA polymerase?

Back 20

2 alpha subunits, 2 beta subunuts, and 1 beta prime subunit

Front 21

__ factors can recognize different classes of genes (e. coli)

Back 21

sigma factors

Front 22

___ is capable of specific RNA synthesis and consists of core enzymes and sigma factors (e. coli)

Back 22

holoenzyme

Front 23

What type of complex is formed when RNA polymerase holoenzyme binds weakly to the promoter at the start of DNA symthesis?

Back 23

closed complex

Front 24

The process of unwinding and restoring the DNA double helix is aided by ___

Back 24

topoisomerases I and II

Front 25

In termination, which forms a stem and loop structure, Rho-dependent or rho-independent terminators?

Back 25

Rho-independent terminators

Front 26

In eukaryotes, ___ containing the promoter sequence must be made accessible to the transcription machinery

Back 26

chromatin

Front 27

___ must bind to DNA sequences in the promoter region for a gene to be active

Back 27

transcription factors

Front 28

Sequences around the (lysosome) gene where nucleosomes are not present.

Back 28

hypersensitive sites

Front 29

The CAAT sequence is more / less conserved as the TATA box

Back 29

less

Front 30

___ is responsible for synthesis or mRNA in the nucleus

Back 30

RNA polymerase II

Front 31

___ is responsible for synthesis of rRNA

Back 31

RNA polymerase I

Front 32

__ is most abundant RNA in cells and is rate limiting for cell growth

Back 32

rRNA

Front 33

Each transcriptional unit contains sequences for _, _, and _ rRNA's

Back 33

28S, 5.8S, 18S

Front 34

5S rRNA and tRNA are transcribed by ___

Back 34

RNA polymerase III

Front 35

___ binds to a sequence located within the coding sequence of the gene for 5S rRNA.

Back 35

Transcription factor TFIIIA

Front 36

In eukaryotic RNA processing, RNA's must be exported from the ___

Back 36

nucleus

Front 37

___ removes/cleaves nucleotide from the end, whereas ___ removes nucleotide from the middle

Back 37

exonuclease, endonuclease

Front 38

Which involves more steps, tRNA processing or rRNA processing?

Back 38

tRNA (cleavage, addition, modification)

Front 39

What sequence specifies cleavage of mRNA precursor

Back 39

Poly(A) signal sequence AAUAAA

Front 40

T/F You can find base sequences in both the polyA signal and the polyA tails.

Back 40

F - can only locate polyA signal

Front 41

The CCA-3' nucleotidyltransferase is found in:
A. rRNA
B.tRNA
C. mRNA

Back 41

B. tRNA (addition step)

Front 42

____ carry out the dual steps of RNA splicing

Back 42

snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)

Front 43

__ recognizes important sequences at the 3' acceptor end of the intron

Back 43

U2 RNA

Front 44

All ___ begin with an GU sequence and end with an __ sequence.

Back 44

introns, AG

Front 45

__ recognizes the donor GU sequences

Back 45

U1 RNA

Front 46

T/F In eukaryotic cells, one gene can make multiple different proteins with different functions

Back 46

true

Front 47

___ are short double stranded RNA fragments important in downregulating gene expression.

Back 47

siRNA small inhibitory RNA's

Front 48

___ stops translation of mRNA

Back 48

miRNP (micro_RNA-protein)

Front 49

Which has a longer half life, tRNA or mRNA

Back 49

tRNA 5 days
mRNA 30 hours

Front 50

Removal of RNA's from the cytoplasm is accomplished by cellular ___

Back 50

ribonuclease (RNase)

Front 51

T/F RNA molecules are generally stable

Back 51

F - generally unstable