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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when do the sac like glands develop during pregnancy
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2nd trimester, progesteron and estrogen
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stimulus for milk production
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sucking
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which hormones released in result of stimulation of hypothalamus
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prolactin- milk production, oxytocin- propels milk into ducts and nipple pores
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costrum characteristics
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first milk, 5 days, deep yellow, alkaline, ph 7.7, sg 1.040 10-40ml
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mature mmilk
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lower lactose and fat, immunoglobin 95%, rich vit a, d, na ,k, mononuclear cells, blushing, sg 1.026-1.035 ph 7
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transitional milk
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6th-10th day with phosphorus higher, decrease numbre of cells
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mature milk vs cow milk
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same water, human- higher caloric density, fat, lower protein - nitrogen factor, lactose,
cow - higher protein and ash |
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whey vs casein
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human: 60/40, cow 18/82
casein: less digestible, human - smaller, soffter flocculet in infant stomach, better digestion |
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whey proteins in human milk
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alpha lacalbumin 40%, lactoferrin 25%, rest IgA
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what is lactoferrin
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iron binding protein, unsaturated binds to many iron
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casein in human milk
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low ratio methionine to cystine, fatty acid, low levels phenlalainine and tyrosine
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lactose characteristics
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major carb in human milk- 7%, dissaccharide, glu + galactose
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influences on characteristics of milk
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time of day, mother's diet, emotional state, fore/hind milk, drugs, smoking
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evaporated milk vs breastmilk
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very high density, high amts sat fatty acid, heavy for digestion and renal solute load
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charac of condensed milk
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diluted `:4, similar caolirc yield breast, higher protein content, high carb- out of balance infants, low vitamin, not recommended
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vitamins in milk
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a,d,e higher in breast
-vit k low, more vit c and niacin, low in thamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vit b12 |
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fats in breastmilk
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major energy source, most affected by MOTHER's diet, has diurnal varaition, more unsat fa
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diurnal variation
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fat content higher in mornings, milk at end = hind milk which hashigher fat content than fore milk
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bifidus factor
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promotes growth of favorable bacterium in GIt- lactobacilli keep intestinal content acidic, inhibit bacteria
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what is n-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid-
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promote growth of favorable bacterium- nitrogen containing complex cho
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human milk vs cow's milk
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lysozyme: specific protein higher in human , bactericidal effect IgA, igM IgG, human - lower essential fa
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protein in breast milk
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high, aa- dvlpt brain, eyes
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minerals in breast milk
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calcium , phosphorus, iron- lower levels in formula- high bioavailability 50-75%
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protein or milk free formulas
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lactose/galactose intolerant, same caloric density, higher protein, 100% casein, lower fat,linoleic added, carnitine transports fa,
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advantages of breastmilk
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never apporximated, immunoglobuins, major nutrients, large amts lactoferrin, lysozyme
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