Biochem Anatomical Disorders Doc Info

Front 1

Disorder: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

Back 1

Abnormal communication between the trachea and esophageal tract; may result in atresia

Front 2

Disorder: Respiratory distress syndome (RDS)

Back 2

Baby develops rapid labored breathing shortly after birth, surfactant deficiency, prolonged intrauterine asphyxia -> changes in type II cells; can be from premature devliery,

*steroids given to mother to increase infant surfactant rate (glucocorticoids), Surfactant replacement therapy, synthetic (intratrachea intubation)

Front 3

Disorder: Posterolateral diaphragmatic defect

Back 3

Left hand side(typically) of pleuroperitoneal membrane – doesn’t develop or doesn’t development fully, wont fuse with septum and esophageal mysentary

(right hand side fuses with evertything else earlier)

Front 4

Disorder: Retrosternal/ parasternal hernia

Back 4

Hiatus in anterior portion of diaphragm, (child presents with flat abdomen; gut tube herniates up into chest/thorax); lungs can’t develop fully – can result in lung hyperplasia; cyanosis (looks blue)

Front 5

Disorder: Eventration of diaphragm

Back 5

*Diaphragm contracts, muscular part descends, pressure increases, and non-muscular portion balloons into thorax pushed by abdominal viscera

*Part of diaphragm has defective muscle development from the body wall so only an aponeurotic sheet is present in that area

Front 6

Disorder: murmurs

Back 6

*Caused by blood passing through a narrowed (stenotic valve) or regurgitating through a leaky valve

*Can tell by auscultating

Front 7

spina bifida cyctica meningoceole

Back 7

*bulge contains meninges
*csf

Front 8

spina bifida cyctica meningomyelocoele

Back 8

*bulge contains meninges
*CSF
*cord
*spinal nerves

Front 9

spina bifida cyctica myeloschisis

Back 9

open cord as a mass of neural tissue
failure of caudal neuropore to close

Front 10

median n damage

Back 10

carpal tunnel

Front 11

ulnar n damage

Back 11

cubital tunnel entrapment

Front 12

musculocutaneous n damage

Back 12

flexion and supination of elbow

Front 13

radial n damage

Back 13

wrist drop

Front 14

axillary n damage

Back 14

fracture surgical neck of humerus, shoulder dislocation

Front 15

kyphosis

Back 15

gibbous deformity, extension of thoracic vertebral bodies

Front 16

vertebral bodies

Back 16

most likely to be “crush fractured” with osteoporosis of vertebral column

Front 17

hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum

Back 17

severe pain in back and lower limb, spinal stenosis syndrome

Front 18

dorsal scapular

Back 18

affected by injury to dorsal surface of neck and a fracture in the medial border of the right scapula; patient presents with scapula retracted laterally on affected side

Front 19

the dorsal root ganglion of the C7 spinal nerve

Back 19

structure where virus proliferated. Patient presents with localized painful rash and skin eruptions at dermatomal level of spinal nerve C7 – diagnosis, herpes zoster

Front 20

L5

Back 20

nerve affected by disk herniation between vertebral levels L4 and L5 in which patient has moderate pain for two years over left lower back and then lower limb

Front 21

L4-L5

Back 21

place for a 3-yr old’s lumbar puncture

Front 22

The Iliac Crests

Back 22

external landmark that is most reliable to determine position of L4 vertebral spine

Front 23

anterior longitudinal ligament

Back 23

ligament that lies on anterior surface of cervical vertebral bodies, patient presents with severe neck pain after a whiplash injury

Front 24

nucleus pulposus

Back 24

structure responsible for space-occupying region which demonstrates compression of nerve elements at the intervertebral foramen between L5 and S1; patient presents with severe back pain and inability to move his left lower limb

Front 25

thoacodorsal n

Back 25

nerve damaged resulting in weakness of medial rotation and adduction of humerus after a car crash

Front 26

long thoracic

Back 26

nerve damaged during surgery; patient presents with inability to reach the top of her head to brush her hair and winging of both scapulae

Front 27

supraspinatus

Back 27

torn muscle after dislocating his shoulder while playing football, patient cannot initiate abduction of arm

Front 28

spina bifida occulta

Back 28

dimpling of skin in lumber region with a tuft of hair

Front 29

somatic afferent

Back 29

nerve fibers that carry sensation of a mosquito bite on the back lateral to the spinal process of the T4 vertebra

Front 30

subarachnoid space

Back 30

needle must be placed into this location to obtain cerebrospinal fluid by spinal tap in the lumbar region (lumbar puncture)

Front 31

posterior longitudinal ligament

Back 31

ligament in anatomical position to protect the spinal cord from direct compression in the event of intervertebral disk heriation in cervical region

Front 32

L1 & L2

Back 32

- in the adult, the spinal cord usually terminates at the disk between these vertebral levels, this is the location of the conus medullaris

Front 33

lower cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic nerve fibers

Back 33

surgical division of these neural elements would help a patient with Raynaud’s disease, where the patient suffers a chronic vasospasm to cold, leads to arterial constriction and painful ischemia (localized anemia) in fingers and toes

Front 34

diaphragm

Back 34

muscle affected by growths (osteophytes) in the intervertebral foramen between vertebrae C2 and C3

Front 35

ligamentum flavum

Back 35

ligament that needs to be removed during a laminectomy when a patient has constriction of the cervical vertebral canal

Front 36

epidural space

Back 36

place in sacral canal where caudal anesthetic is injected via the sacral hiatus for the delivery of a baby by a pregnant mother

Front 37

posterior longitudinal

Back 37

ligament that is most like to be penetrated by the needle in a 12 year old patient with a high fever and severe stiffness in his back (lumbar puncture is performed where hematopoetic cells are seen)

Front 38

vertebral artery

Back 38

the artery most likely damaged in patient where radiographic studied revealed damage to the tip of the transverse process of the third cervical vertebra with a significantly large pulsing hematoma

Front 39

kyphosis

Back 39

clinical condition of the spine with abnormally increased thoracic curvature resulting from osteoporosis in a 79 yr old patient

Front 40

spinal accessory nerve

Back 40

the nerve that would have soft tissue damage in patient presenting with drooping shoulder and difficultly in elevating her shoulder when she has no fractures of her spine. (She was injured sliding into second base headfirst during a company softball game).

Front 41

transverse ligament of the atlas

Back 41

ligament torn during a head-on vehicle collision that resulted in compression of spinal cord by dens of the axis, resulting in quadriplegia

Front 42

sternocleidomastoid

Back 42

muscle affected by nerve trauma in which patient has considerable weakness in ability to flex her neck (associated with injury to CN XI)

Front 43

cruciform ligament

Back 43

breaking this ligament would cause a fracture of the pedicles of the axis (C2) because it typically helps anchor the dens

Front 44

cervical

Back 44

region of the spine susceptible to “facet jumping” in which articular processes become locked; typically occurs from rear-end crashes

Front 45

epidural space

Back 45

space where blood is most likely to accumulate following the bleeding of the internal vertebral venous plexus (of Batson); patient has a severe headache and back pain

Front 46

L5

Back 46

with a ruptured L4/L5 intervertebral disk, this is the nerve affected; the patient experienced severe pain radiating to the posterior aspect of his right thigh and leg

Front 47

posterior intercostal

Back 47

– artery that provides blood supply to the muscles responsible for extending and laterally bending the trunk; patient suffered a lower back strain after a severe fall while snow skiing

Front 48

rotation

Back 48

movement of the head most likely to be severely affected from a slight dislocation of the atlantoaxial joint resulting from a head-to-head collision with another soccer player

Front 49

dura mater

Back 49

for a patient that has been struck in the back, rupturing the internal vertebral venous plexus (of Batson) when aspirating excess blood from a hematoma that is compressing the spinal cord, the needle must be stopped before it reaches this structure

Front 50

head of the fifth rib

Back 50

costal structure involved with the dislocation of the fourth thoracic vertebra

Front 51

teres minor

Back 51

most likely muscle injured which results in weak adduction and medial rotation of the arm

Front 52

infraspinatus

Back 52

most likely injured in a patient presenting with difficulty laterally rotating his arm and with a shattered lateral border of the scapula

Front 53

arachnoid mater

Back 53

last structure the needle will penetrate before reaching the lumbar cistern

Front 54

shoulder dystocia

Back 54

result of forceps delivery

Front 55

lower brachial plexus lesion

Back 55

klumpkes paralysis

Front 56

test c8/t1 functioning?

Back 56

grip piece of paper in hands to test for atrophy of interossei

Front 57

smiths fracture

Back 57

break from falling onto flexed wrist

Front 58

colle's fracture

Back 58

break from falling onto extended wrist

Front 59

portal vein

Back 59

does not drain into SVC

Front 60

Transverse Cervical and Suprascapular anastomoses with Circumflex Scapula ( branch of subscapular artery

Back 60

anastomosis when brachial artery is damaged

Front 61

What structures does the right coronary artery typically supply in a right dominant heart

Back 61

SA Node and AV Node

Front 62

A 22 year old man was playing American football instead of studying and was “accidently” hit in the armpit on his left side. Upon examination at A & E you note that he cannot extend at the elbow, is able to flex his wrist, can hold a piece of paper between his fingers and feels tingling on the lateral surface of the arm and his thumb. Which vertebral root level of the brachial plexus has been injured?

Back 62

C5, C6

Front 63

A woman comes into A&E with swelling in her chest after having a lump removed from her right breast. Which nodes would you biopsy first to determine if cancer has spread.

Back 63

Anterior Nodes

Front 64

A 22 year old female chef suffered a deep cut to the palm of her hand while filleting a fish.  Physical examination showed she can still grip a sheet of paper between adjacent fingers but has trouble opposing her thumb.  There is no loss of sensation in the hand.  Which nerve has been damaged?

Back 64

recurrent branch of median