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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define organic chemistry
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The study of all compounds that contain bonds b/t carbon atoms.
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Name 2 reasons why carbon compounds are so interestine?
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1. Can form 4 covalent bonds, can bond with many elements.
2. Can bond to other carbon atoms, single, double, or triple bonds. |
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Describe the types of carbon-carbon bonds.
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1. single
2. double 3. triple covalent bonds |
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Define macromolecule.
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Giant molecules
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What is polymerization
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The process which builds large compounds from smaller molecules
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Contrast monomer and polymer.
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monomer - single building block molecule
polymer - a combination of monomers |
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List the 4 groups of organic compounds found in living things.
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1. carbohydrates
2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids |
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Name the monomer of starches
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sugar molecules in large chains.
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Monosacharides
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single sugar molecules
ex. - glucose, fructose, galactose |
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Polysaccharides
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chains of monosaccharides - glycogen (animal starch) plant starch
cellulose - most abundent on earth. ex. - cotton, paper |
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List 3 categories of lipids
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fats - made of glycerol
oils - liquid at room temp. waxes - fatty acid and alcohol steroids - hormones |
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Describe the use of lipids
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stored energy, building blocks of biological membranes.
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Describe the structure of a lipid. What are its monomers?
( pg. 46) |
Occur when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acids
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Saturated fatty acid
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single bonds b/t C atoms of fatty acid
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Unsaturated fatty acids
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double bond (at least one) (unsaturated) betweenC atoms of fatty acid
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List the components of a nucleic acid. What are its monomers?
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H,O,N,C,P
nucleotides |
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RNA
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ribose ( single strand)
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DNA
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deoxyribose ( double helix)
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List the components of a protein
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C, H, O, N
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What are monomers
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Amino Acids
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List the 3 components of an amino acid.
How many are found in nature? |
amino group - NH2
Carboxyl group - COOH R-group - different in each amino acid. 20 in nature |
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Name 3 uses of proteins.
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1. structural (skin, bone)
2. control the tates of reactions - enzymes 3. transport substances and fight disease |
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Explain why proteins are all shaped differently.
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Because the protein chains ( made of amino acids) are twisted and folded in many different arrangements.
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