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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is apoptosis?
Programed cell death
What is angiogenesis?
Growth of new blood vessels
What are two specific genes associated with cancer?
Oncogene and tumour suppressor gene
What is contact inhibition?
The characteristic whereby touching other cells causes the cells to stop migrating and dividing
List the changes that occur to a cancerous cell
changes to genetic material, loss of contact inhibition, increased permeability of cell membrane, increased transport of metabolites,
What is an oncogene?
Gene whose expression gives rise to transformation of a cell ito a cancerous cell
List five viruses linked to human cancers
HTLV1; Hep-C, Human Papillomaviruses, Epstein-Barr; Hep-B
What are the two main dietary factors associated with cancers of the GIT
high animal fat and low fibre intake
List 5 possible environmental carcinogens
food additives, pesticides, notrates, hormones, tobacco, asbestos, plastic, radiation
Suggest a reason that B-carotene may be protective against some cancers
B-carotene is an antioxidant, and oxidation is believed to be one of the major causes of cancer induction
What is the Ames test?
A bacterial reversion test, to see if chemical substances will cause particular genetic changes in a bacteria
What is believed to be the major cause of DNA damage?
Oxidation
What classes of viruses are believed to play a role in cancer initiation?
DNA viruses and retroviruses
What is often the first indication that a substance might be carcinogenic?
Epidemiological studies and observation
List tests used to check for carcinogenicity
Epidemiological studies
Tissue culture tests
Ames test