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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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held together by tropomyosin
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actin
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contains heads whose movement provides a 'rowing' action
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myosin
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binding sites on it are exposed by calcium action
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actin
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makes up most of the thin filaments
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actin
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Which neurotransmitter is responsible for initiating muscle contraction?
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Acetylcholine
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What features of cardiac muscle allow communication between muscle cells?
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intercalated discs containing gap junctions and desmosomes
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striation
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occurs in both skeletal and cardiac muscle
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number of nuclei per cell
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Cardiac has one nucleus/cell, skeletal are multi-nucleated/cell
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communication between cells
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cardiac muscles can communicate muscle contraction to next cell, while skeletal muscles cells contraction in isolation
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position of nucleus in cells
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cardiac muscle has central nucleus whereas skeletal muscle cells have nuclei on periphery
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list the substances which may initiate smooth muscle contraction
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neurotransmitters, hormones, chemicals
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why does smooth muscle not appear striped or striated like striated muscle?
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contractile proteins not arranged in sarcomeres
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erector pilli muscles
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multi-unit
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small arteries
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visceral
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large airways
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multi unit
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stomach
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visceral
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large arteries
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multi unit
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circular muscle in iris
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multi unit
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bladder
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visceral
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list the processes by which muscles obtain ATP energy
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phosphagen system; glycogen-lactic acid system; aerobic system
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What do we call the process of converting glucose to lactate in the muscles and then lactate to glucose in the liver
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Cori cycle
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Name two types of smooth muscle
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visceral and multi unit
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what protein replaces troponin in smooth muscle?
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calmodulin
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Why are both calcium and magnesium necessary for smooth muscle contraction?
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Ca binds to calmodulin -> myosin head binds to actin; Mg is part of MgATPase which provides the energy for contraction
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What important molecule is used to transfer high energy phosphate groups in the phosphagen system?
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Creatine phosphate
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What are two advantages of the Cori cycle
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increases glucose availability and decreases acidity
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Why is a good supply of oxygen to the heart essential?
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Cardiac muscle acts continuously and is therefore dependent on aerobic processes.
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What are the tree types of muscle?
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skeletal, cardial, smooth
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T/F the cells in skeletal muscle lie parallel to each other
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True
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What does the sarcoplasm contain?
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myoglobin and glycogen
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T/F skeletal cells are multi nucleated
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true
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What are the functional contractile units in myofibrils?
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Sarcomeres
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T/F each myofibril is surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum
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True
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What holds actin molecules together?
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tropomyosin
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Which protein is attached to the tropomyosin?
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Troponin
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T/F Troponin contains calcium ion binding sites
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True
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