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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AA Catabolism Cycle
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Pyruvate → Acetyl CoA
Acetyle CoA + OAA → Citrate Citrate → α-KG α-KG → Succinyl CoA Succinyl CoA → Fumarate Fumarate → OAA |
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AA Catabolism Outbranch
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1. Glucogenic
OAA → PEP → Glucose 2. Ketogenic Acetyle CoA → Aceoacetyl CoA |
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3-C AAs
Entry & G/K |
Ser↔Gly, Cys, Ala (Trp), Thr
Pyruvate Glucogenic |
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4-C AAs OAA group
Entry & G/K |
Asp↔Asn (Asparaginase)
OAA Glucogenic |
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4-C AAs Succinyl CoA group
Entry & G/K |
Met, Val, Ile
→ Propionyl CoA → MethylMalonyl CoA → Succinyl CoA Glucogenic |
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What does Methylmalonyl CoA mutase do?
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Unusual isomerization that transfers S-CoA group from C2 to C3 on MM CoA
*B12, methylcobalamine (1/2) |
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Pernicious Anemia
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IF dfcn → impaired cobalamin (B12) absorption → dfct synthesis of purine and thymine → anemia
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5-C AAs
Entry G/K |
Gln, Pro, Arg, His
converge at Glu → α-KG Glucogenic |
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Branched AAs
Entry G/K |
Leu, Ile, Val
Acetyl CoA *involved ox decarbo Can be both |
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Maple Syrup Urine Disease
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Aka Branched-chain ketoaciduria
Dfct Enzyme for oxidative decarboxylation for branched AAs blocked |
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Phenylalanine
Entry G/K |
Phe → Tyr →→ Homogentisate →→ Fumarate + Acetoacetate
Fumarate, glucogenic entry Acetoacetate, ketogenic entry *Both, special |
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PKU
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Phenylketouria
Dfct with Phe → Tyr Build-up and problem |
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Alcaptouria
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Hereditary, absence of homogentisate oxidase (for opening ring)
"Urine black as ink" |
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Human Glucogenic AAs
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Glycine
Serine Valine Histidine Arginine Cysteine Proline Alanine Glutamate Glutamine Aspartate Asparagine Methionine |
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Human Ketogenic AAs (really both)
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Isoleucine
Threonine Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan |
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PVTTIM HALL
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Essential AAs
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Biosynthesis of Serine
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Glucose → Phosphoglycerate → Serine
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Biosynthesis of Glycine
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Serine →[THF]→ Glycine
Glycine→[NNM-THF]→ Serine |
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Biosynthesis of Cystein
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Part 1.
Met → SAM →→ Homocysteine *Methylcobalamine (B12) involvement (2/2) Part 2. Homocysteine + Serine → Cysteine *Homo contributes only -SH |
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Nitrogen Balanced
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Healthy
In = Out |
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Positive nitrogen balance
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Growing or recovering
In > out |
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Negative nitrogen balance
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Fasting or starvation
Proteins degraded for energy, nitrogen out (there is no in) |
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Important biomolecule from Arg
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Nitrous Oxide
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Important biomolecules from Gly
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1. Bile salt, eg, Glycocholate
2. Porphyrin/Heme 3. Creatine |
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Important biomolecules from Tyr
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Tyr→DOPA→Dopamine→norepi→epi
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Important biomolecules from His
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Histamine
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