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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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plot out how different animals get rid of ammonia
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draw the Urea cycle
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fill in the blanks
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formation of carbamoyl phosphate
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structure of ornithine
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what's this?
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Draw out citruline
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What's this?
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draw out aspartate
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What's this?
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aspartate
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draw out argininsuccinate
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draw out argininsuccinate
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what's this?
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argininosuccinate
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draw fumarate
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what's this?
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fumarate
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draw arginine
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what's this?
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arginine
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draw urea
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what's this?
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urea
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how many phosphate anhydride bonds does the formation of urea take up?
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takes up 4 phosphate anhydride bonds
2 for making carbamoyl phosphate 1 in making argininosuccinate 1 for hydrolyzing argininosuccinate |
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draw out simply how aspartate is regenerated from fumarate
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complex urea cycle + oxidation in mitochondria
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complex urea cycle + oxidation in mitochondria
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example of proton gradient in urea cycle transport, and what disease it may cause if not working correctly
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NADH cycles and transport
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model for small-molecule transporters?
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E. coli lactose permease
transports TDG |
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most abundant protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane?
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ATP/ADP exchanger (translocase)
exports ATP carries a proton into the matrix w/ each ATP/ADP exchange |
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Urea regulation
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Urea cycle disorders
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defect in carbamylphosphate synthetase I creates what disorder?
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lethargy, convulsions, early death
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defect in argininosuccinate lyase creates what disorder?
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argininosuccinic acidemia, vomiting, convulsions
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defect in arginase creates what disorder?
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arginemia, intellectual disability
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pharmacological treatment for some urea cycle defects
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urea cycle defect that can also lead to autism?
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single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene for mitochondrial, Ca2+ dependent Asp/Glu exchanger
main transporter in the brain |
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what is Arginine also a precursor for that seemingly has nothing to do with urea cycle?
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arginine is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO)
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What is the role of NO?
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short-lived messenger that controls blood pressure, clotting, and neurotransmission. Binds guanylyl cyclase and activates production of c-GMP
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amino acids feeding in to the TCA cycle
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AA that are neither glucogenic or ketogenic
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Glutamate
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AA that lead to oxaloacetate
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asparagine
aspartate |
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AA that lead to pyruvate
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alanine
cysteine glycine serine threonine tryptophan |
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AA that lead into fumarate
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phenylalanine
tyrosine |
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AA that lead into succinyl-CoA
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isoleucine
methionine threonine valine |
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AA that lead to glutamate then alphaketoglutarate
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arginine
glutamine histidine proline |
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AA that run into acetyl CoA
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isoleucine
leucine threonine tryptophan |
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AA that lead into acetoacetyl-CoA
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leucine
lysine phenylalanine tryptophan tyrosine |
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Essential amino acids
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Arginine
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine (RHVMILKFTW) Really HeaV MILK For The Win |
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What is serine formed from? draw it out
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