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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a zygote composed of
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A zygote is a fertilized ovum (a male and a female gamete)
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How many chromosomes in a human gamete?Haploid or Diploid?
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23 - Haploid
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What are the four bases in DNA
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Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine |
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What are the four bases in RNA
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Adenine - Uricil
Cytosine - Guanine |
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Exon
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Part of the gene that is expressed
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Intron
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Part of the gene that is not expressed
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Meiosis Jobs
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1. Ensure each generation has correct number of chromosomes
2. To create genetic variation by crossing over and recombination |
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Three ways to create genetic variation
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1. Crossing over
2. Recombination 3. Mutation |
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How many Amino acids are there in all living organisms
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20
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What is a gene
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Part of the DNA Molecule that does somthing specific
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Where does Meiosis take place
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The Testes and Ovaries
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Where does Mitosis take place
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In every tissue of the body
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Polymorphism
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A trait that shows up in more than one phenetic form
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What is a trait that shows up in more than one phenetic form
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Polymorphism
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On average, how many crossing over takes place for each chromosome
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Ten, a total of 230 per gamete
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How many genes has the human genome project identified
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30,000 or less
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Who was the first person to figure out how to code DNA
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Alec Jeffers
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Alec Jeffers
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First person to figure out the code of DNA.
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Who is credited for the discovery of DNA
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James Watson, and francis Crick
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Where was DNA discovered
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England
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What is the DNA testing that is prefered
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STR (Short Standard Repeats)
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Form of DNA most useful in population studies
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Mitochondrial DNA
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Hardy Weinburg equilibrium rules
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1. No Mutation
2. Random Mating 3. Infinite population |
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Mendals principle of Dominance
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You have two allells of two genes, one is dominant, one is recessive (Dominant prevents expression of recessive).
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Independent Assortment
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Each trait is not connected, but independently inherited (ex. Eye color has nothing to do with hair color)
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Heterozygous
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Different alllells (one dominant, one recessive)
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Homozygous
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Same allelles (both dominent or both recesisve)
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Incomplete Dominance
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Snapdragon (Pink instead of White) Also known as intermediate expresslion, where both the dominant and recessive are expressed
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Codons
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The one acception to mendals principle, ex AB blood, both traits are dominant
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Two types of cells
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Prokaryotic (No nucleas- bacterium asexual)
Eukaryoctic (Has DNA- ex a virus) |
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Chromosomes
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Molecules of DNA, means colorful bodies.
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What is the 23rd pair of chromosomes?
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Sex chromosomes, XY or XX
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Mitosis
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Starts with the mother cell with 46 chromosomes, turns into two daughter ceslls with 46 chromosomes
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Meiosis
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Starts with a germ cell that has 46 chromosomes ends up with four haploid cells that all have 23 chromosomes
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Mutation
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A change or substitution in a base of DNA
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Where is the information for heredity coded in DNA
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in the bases
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Differences between DNA and RNA
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DNA cannot leave the nucleas, double helix
RNA can leave the nucleas single helix. |
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What holds bases in DNA together
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Hydrogen Bonds (these are weak, which allows the DNA to split and make copies of itself)
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Three Characteraistics of Population
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1. Genetically Related
2. Common Gene Pool 3. Partially closed System. |
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What is a Karyotype
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Display of all of a persons 46 chromosomes
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How many PAIRS of chromosomes are on a karyotype
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23... total chromotids is 46
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If there is three of:
13 18 21 on a karyotype what does it mean? |
13: Patow
18: Edwards 21: Down Syndrome |
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How do you solve a Problem presented by the Henry Weinburg Theory
ex. N = 1000 750 = Tasters 250 = Non Tasters |
Equation: p(squared) + 2pq+ q(squared)
1. What do you already know? The amount of non tasters (Homozygous recessive) - Transfer this to a percent (25%) - q(squared) = .25 - q = .5 2. Calculate q and P - Q and P must equel 1 - therefore P must equel = .5 3. Calculate P(squared) - P(squared) = .25 that leaves Tt to equal .5 |
