Bio3

Front 1

What two substances relating to life were found in the Mars meteorite.

Back 1

carbon containing molecules(polycyclic aromatic hreocarbons) and crystals of magnetite.

Front 2

Conditions of primitive Earth led to the emergence of large molecules unique to life.

Back 2

chemical evolution

Front 3

In the Urey-Miller experiment, what kinds of large molecules were created when primative atmospheric conditions were simulated?

Back 3

amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines

Front 4

How has the view of the prehistoric atmosphere changed since the Miller-
Urey experiment?

Back 4

C02, N2, H2S and SO2 were in the atmosphere as well.

Front 5

Which conditions provide the best environment to bind monomers?

Back 5

solid mineral surfaces

Front 6

What are the four kinds of macromolecules?

Back 6

proteins,lipids, carbohydrates, nulceic acid

Front 7

Giant polymers.

Back 7

macromolecules

Front 8

The ractions that form polymers from monomers (two names)

Back 8

condensation reactions or dehydration reactions.

Front 9

A reaction that breaks polymers into monemers.

Back 9

hydrolysis reaction

Front 10

What are some functions of proteins?

Back 10

structural support, protection, catalysis, defense, regulation, and movement.

Front 11

What two macromolecule functions are not performed by proteins.

Back 11

energy storage and information storage

Front 12

A monomer part of a polymer.

Back 12

residue

Front 13

What atom are amino acids centered on?

Back 13

carbon

Front 14

what are the three groups of side chains?

Back 14

electrically charged hydrophilic, polar uncharged hydrophilic, and nonpolar hydrophobic

Front 15

What are the three special cases of amino acids?

Back 15

cysteine, glycine, and proline

Front 16

The covalent bond formed between two cyseine side chains.

Back 16

disulfide bridge

Front 17

The carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino goup of another undergoing a condensation reaction that forms a peptide linkage.

Back 17

peptide linkage

Front 18

What are the four major macromolecules?

Back 18

Proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids.

Front 19

What units can polymers be divided into?

Back 19

monomers

Front 20

What links link monomers together to form polymers?

Back 20

covalent bonds

Front 21

What reaction are macromolecules made from?

Back 21

condensation or dehydration reaction.

Front 22

What is the reverse reaction of a dehydration reaction?

Back 22

hydrolysis

Front 23

What two things does hydrolysis need to occur?

Back 23

Energy and enzymes.

Front 24

What two carbs serve as structural components?

Back 24

celulose and chitin

Front 25

What are the four categories of carbs?

Back 25

monosaccharides, di-, oligo-, poly-

Front 26

What are two types of polysaccharides?

Back 26

starch and gylcogen

Front 27

Carotinoids, which capture light enrgy, are which type of macromolecule?

Back 27

lipids

Front 28

Hormones and vitamins are which type of macromolecule?

Back 28

lipids

Front 29

What kind of macromolecule repels water?

Back 29

lipids

Front 30

What kind of liquid fatty acid has kinks which make it difficult to pack?

Back 30

unsaturated fatty acids

Front 31

In a phospholipid, which part is polar and which part is nonpolar?

Back 31

HEads are polar, they interact with water, tails are nonpolar, they don't interact with water. These make good water repellants when the tails are to the inside of a membrane.

Front 32

Organic compunds with a series of fused ring.

Back 32

steroids

Front 33

This synthesizes testosterone and estrogen.

Back 33

cholesterol

Front 34

Nucleic acid that stores info

Back 34

DNA

Front 35

Nucleic acid that transports info

Back 35

RNA

Front 36

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Back 36

pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base

Front 37

what are the base letters for dna?

Back 37

gatc

Front 38

What are the base letters for RNA?

Back 38

GAUC

Front 39

Which kind of nucleic acid is double stranded and which is single stranded

Back 39

rna single, dna double

Front 40

Which dna base pairs are connected by double bonds and which are connected by triple bonds>

Back 40

AT double, CG triple

Front 41

What happens when hydrogen bonding occurs in RNA

Back 41

complicated 3d shape

Front 42

What is the central dogma?

Back 42

genes>dna>ran>protein

Front 43

RNA molecules that can axt as catalysts

Back 43

ribozymes

Front 44

What type of macromolecule is ATP?

Back 44

nucleic acid (A is a base)

Front 45

What is the role of ATP?

Back 45

energy transducer

Front 46

What are the five parts of an amino acid?

Back 46

central carbon, a hydrogen, an amino group, a carboxly group, and an r group/side chain

Front 47

What part of an amino acid determines the type of amino acid?

Back 47

it's rgroup

Front 48

What are the bonds that form between amino acids called?

Back 48

peptide bonds

Front 49

What is formed when amino acids link?

Back 49

water

Front 50

what two groups connect when amino acids link?

Back 50

carboxyl and amino

Front 51

What are the four levels of proteins?

Back 51

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Front 52

these links form between cysteine residues

Back 52

disulfide bridges

Front 53

what is the one macromolecule that doesn't contain nitrogen?

Back 53

lipids

Front 54

What does a primary chain consist of?

Back 54

repeating amino acids

Front 55

What are the two possible secondary structures?

Back 55

alpha helix and beta pleats

Front 56

What defines are quatenary structure?

Back 56

subunits, tertiary structures that react with eachother

Front 57

What determines the reactions within tertiary groups?

Back 57

rgroup interactions

Front 58

Term that refers to a monomer when it's part of a polymer

Back 58

residue

Front 59

The loss of a protein’s normal three-dimensional structure. Also loses the normal biological function of the protein. Often irreversible.

Back 59

Denaturation

Front 60

Prevent inappropriate protein interactions.

Back 60

Chaperonins