Bio252 Ch.14

Front 1

extroceptors

Back 1

external evironment

Front 2

propioceptors

Back 2

skeletal muscle/joint position

Front 3

interoceptors

Back 3

visceral organs

Front 4

nociceptors

Back 4

pain; includes thermoceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors

Front 5

2 types nociceptor neurotransmitters?

Back 5

gentamate or substance P

Front 6

fast pain
what fibre type?

Back 6

(cut, shot) myelinated Type A fibres

Front 7

slow pain
stimulates?

Back 7

(burning, aching)reticular formation of thalamus

Front 8

what reduces pain?

Back 8

endorphins, enkephalins

Front 9

tonic receptor

Back 9

peripheral adaptations does not occur; continuous stimulation

Front 10

phasic receptors
1 ex?

Back 10

peripheral adaptation occurs(thermoreceptors)

Front 11

mechanoreceptor (how does it work?)

Back 11

distoriton of cell membranes, ion regulated ion channels open/close response to compreion, stretching

Front 12

mechanoreceptors (3 types)

Back 12

1.tactile receptors (1.fine touch or 2.crude touch)
2.baroreceptors: pressure changes in blood, digest.,reprod, lung...
3.propioceptors:joint/muscle position (dont adapt to constant stimuli)

Front 13

chemoreceptors (where?) What?

Back 13

carotid bodies of neck and aortic bodies
ph and co2

Front 14

first order neuron
where is cell body?

Back 14

delivers sensation to CNS, cell body in dorsal root ganglion, synapses on 2nd order

Front 15

second order neuron
where?
what kind of sensation?
synapses on?
...which is called?

Back 15

in s.c. or brainstem;
if concious sens. synapse on 3rd (decussation)

Front 16

2nd order neuron synapses on 3rd order neuron

Back 16

decussation occurs: crosses to opposite side of CNS

Front 17

third order neuron
synapses on?

Back 17

synapses on primary sensory cortex

Front 18

somatic sensory pathways

Back 18

info from skin, musculature of body wall, head , neck limbs

Front 19

posterior column pathway
carries what info?
enters where?
sorted by?

Back 19

fine touch;axons enter medial lemniscus tract, sorted by 1. nature of stimulus and 2. body region involved

Front 20

anterolateral pathway
info?
synapses?

Back 20

crude touch;synapse on 2nd order in grey horns, cross s.c.

Front 21

anterior spinothalamic tracts

Back 21

crude touch and pressure

Front 22

lateral spinothalamic tracts
info?

Back 22

pain, temp sensations

Front 23

mechanoreceptor (how does it work?)

Back 23

distoriton of cell membranes, ion regulated ion channels open/close response to compreion, stretching

Front 24

mechanoreceptors (3 types)

Back 24

1.tactile receptors (1.fine touch or 2.crude touch)
2.baroreceptors: pressure changes in blood, digest.,reprod, lung...
3.propioceptors:joint/muscle position (dont adapt to constant stimuli)

Front 25

chemoreceptors (where?) What?

Back 25

carotid bodies of neck and aortic bodies
ph and co2

Front 26

first order neuron

Back 26

delivers sensation to CNS, cell body in dorsal root ganglion, synapses on 2nd order

Front 27

referred pain

Back 27

false pain felt at specific part of body (ex. heart attack, left arm)

Front 28

somatic nervous system

Back 28

skeletal muscle contraction, at least 2 motor neurons

Hint 28

involves?

Front 29

upper motor neruon
cell body where?
synapses?

Back 29

cell body in CNS processing center; synapses on lower motor neuron

Front 30

lower motor neuron
have cell bodies where?

Back 30

cell body in nucleus of brain stem or s.c.

Front 31

corticospinal pathway

Back 31

voluntary control over skel. muscles; upper muscles synapse on lower motor neurons

Front 32

2 pairs of corticospinal descending tracts

Back 32

1.corticobulbar tract
2. corticospinal tract

Front 33

cerebral palsy

Back 33

# of disorder that affect voluntary motor preformance

Front 34

where do motor neurons of ANS synapse?

Back 34

on visceral motor neurons of automtic ganglia

Front 35

sympathetic division of ANS?
2 types sym. chain ganglia?

Back 35

prepares for heightened leves of somatic activity (sympathetic chain ganglia: short pregangliotic fibres, long postgangliotic)

Front 36

parasympathetic division fo ANS

Back 36

conserves energy

Front 37

white ramus
carries what? where?

Back 37

cariies myelinated pregangliotic fibres into sym. chain ganglia

Front 38

sypathetic receptors (2 types)
stimulated by?

Back 38

alpha (by nonephinephrine, epiniphrine)
beta (by epinephrine on cell membranes in organs)

Front 39

G proteins
include?
stimulation depends on?

Back 39

alpha nd beta receptors (stimulation depends on second messenger production)

Front 40

alpha receptors (2 types)

Back 40

alpha-1- releases CA2+ ions..exitatory effect
alpha-2-lowers cyclic AMP...inhibitory effect

Front 41

beta receptors (3 types)

Back 41

B1-increast metabolic activity
B2-inhibitions, smooth mmuscle relax
B3-lipolysis in adipose

Front 42

adregnergic

Back 42

release nonepinephrine

Front 43

cholinergic
release?
innervates?

Back 43

release ACh (lasts longer than NE, innervates sweat glands, blood vessels)

Front 44

nitroxidergic synapses

Back 44

increases bloodflow

Front 45

terminal ganglia of parasym. sys.
are where?

Back 45

near target organ

Front 46

intraneural ganglia of parasym. sys.
are where?

Back 46

in tissues of organ

Front 47

all parasym. neurons relase?

Back 47

ACh

Front 48

ACh inactivated by?

Back 48

acetylcholinesterase AChE (or tissue cholinesterase once diffused)

Front 49

nicotinic receptors
are where?

Back 49

surface of ganglion cells of para/sym

Front 50

muscarinic rectptors
where?

Back 50

at cholinergic neuro-muscular/glandular junctions in para, some sym.

Front 51

autonomic tone

Back 51

nerves maintain background level of activity (significant at dual innervation sites)