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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
extroceptors
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external evironment
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propioceptors
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skeletal muscle/joint position
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interoceptors
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visceral organs
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nociceptors
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pain; includes thermoceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors
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2 types nociceptor neurotransmitters?
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gentamate or substance P
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fast pain
what fibre type? |
(cut, shot) myelinated Type A fibres
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slow pain
stimulates? |
(burning, aching)reticular formation of thalamus
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what reduces pain?
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endorphins, enkephalins
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tonic receptor
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peripheral adaptations does not occur; continuous stimulation
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phasic receptors
1 ex? |
peripheral adaptation occurs(thermoreceptors)
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mechanoreceptor (how does it work?)
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distoriton of cell membranes, ion regulated ion channels open/close response to compreion, stretching
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mechanoreceptors (3 types)
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1.tactile receptors (1.fine touch or 2.crude touch)
2.baroreceptors: pressure changes in blood, digest.,reprod, lung... 3.propioceptors:joint/muscle position (dont adapt to constant stimuli) |
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chemoreceptors (where?) What?
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carotid bodies of neck and aortic bodies
ph and co2 |
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first order neuron
where is cell body? |
delivers sensation to CNS, cell body in dorsal root ganglion, synapses on 2nd order
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second order neuron
where? what kind of sensation? synapses on? ...which is called? |
in s.c. or brainstem;
if concious sens. synapse on 3rd (decussation) |
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2nd order neuron synapses on 3rd order neuron
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decussation occurs: crosses to opposite side of CNS
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third order neuron
synapses on? |
synapses on primary sensory cortex
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somatic sensory pathways
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info from skin, musculature of body wall, head , neck limbs
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posterior column pathway
carries what info? enters where? sorted by? |
fine touch;axons enter medial lemniscus tract, sorted by 1. nature of stimulus and 2. body region involved
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anterolateral pathway
info? synapses? |
crude touch;synapse on 2nd order in grey horns, cross s.c.
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anterior spinothalamic tracts
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crude touch and pressure
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lateral spinothalamic tracts
info? |
pain, temp sensations
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mechanoreceptor (how does it work?)
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distoriton of cell membranes, ion regulated ion channels open/close response to compreion, stretching
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mechanoreceptors (3 types)
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1.tactile receptors (1.fine touch or 2.crude touch)
2.baroreceptors: pressure changes in blood, digest.,reprod, lung... 3.propioceptors:joint/muscle position (dont adapt to constant stimuli) |
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chemoreceptors (where?) What?
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carotid bodies of neck and aortic bodies
ph and co2 |
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first order neuron
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delivers sensation to CNS, cell body in dorsal root ganglion, synapses on 2nd order
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referred pain
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false pain felt at specific part of body (ex. heart attack, left arm)
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somatic nervous system
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skeletal muscle contraction, at least 2 motor neurons
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involves?
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upper motor neruon
cell body where? synapses? |
cell body in CNS processing center; synapses on lower motor neuron
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lower motor neuron
have cell bodies where? |
cell body in nucleus of brain stem or s.c.
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corticospinal pathway
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voluntary control over skel. muscles; upper muscles synapse on lower motor neurons
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2 pairs of corticospinal descending tracts
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1.corticobulbar tract
2. corticospinal tract |
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cerebral palsy
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# of disorder that affect voluntary motor preformance
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where do motor neurons of ANS synapse?
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on visceral motor neurons of automtic ganglia
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sympathetic division of ANS?
2 types sym. chain ganglia? |
prepares for heightened leves of somatic activity (sympathetic chain ganglia: short pregangliotic fibres, long postgangliotic)
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parasympathetic division fo ANS
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conserves energy
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white ramus
carries what? where? |
cariies myelinated pregangliotic fibres into sym. chain ganglia
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sypathetic receptors (2 types)
stimulated by? |
alpha (by nonephinephrine, epiniphrine)
beta (by epinephrine on cell membranes in organs) |
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G proteins
include? stimulation depends on? |
alpha nd beta receptors (stimulation depends on second messenger production)
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alpha receptors (2 types)
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alpha-1- releases CA2+ ions..exitatory effect
alpha-2-lowers cyclic AMP...inhibitory effect |
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beta receptors (3 types)
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B1-increast metabolic activity
B2-inhibitions, smooth mmuscle relax B3-lipolysis in adipose |
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adregnergic
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release nonepinephrine
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cholinergic
release? innervates? |
release ACh (lasts longer than NE, innervates sweat glands, blood vessels)
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nitroxidergic synapses
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increases bloodflow
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terminal ganglia of parasym. sys.
are where? |
near target organ
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intraneural ganglia of parasym. sys.
are where? |
in tissues of organ
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all parasym. neurons relase?
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ACh
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ACh inactivated by?
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acetylcholinesterase AChE (or tissue cholinesterase once diffused)
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nicotinic receptors
are where? |
surface of ganglion cells of para/sym
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muscarinic rectptors
where? |
at cholinergic neuro-muscular/glandular junctions in para, some sym.
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autonomic tone
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nerves maintain background level of activity (significant at dual innervation sites)
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