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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dipimia
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Lots of trigycerides in blood
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Arrector pili muscles
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Goosebumps; when they contract, they pull hair in the verticle position
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Ex. of an electrolyte
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Salt
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Nails are derivatives of the...
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Epidermis
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Functions of nails
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Protection, remnant of exoskeleton, to manipulate objects, scratching
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Sebaceous glands
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Anti microbial agent in sebum that is produced by sebaceous glands; associated with hair, some hairless areas of the body that contain oil glands are : lips, glens penis, labia minera, tursal glands, etc.
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Tursal glands
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Under the eyelids;specific type of sebaceous gland, also called Meibomian glands.
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Sudoriferous glands
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(Sweat glands)
1) Eccrine gland 2) Appocrine gland |
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Eccrine gland
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Sudoriferous; watery secretion
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Appocrine
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Sudoriferous; whitish secretion, organic substances (lipids and proteins)
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Sweat function
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Thermal regulation
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Sebaceous glands
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Kind of holicrine glands (secretion > dead cells); whole cell disinegrates
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Sudoriferous glands
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Appocrine glands, found in axillary regions, snal, general, earlope, glands that are apt to produce body odor.
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Energy
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Capacity to do work;displacement of matter
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Myogenic heat
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Muscular activity
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Two ways to lose heat
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1) Increase blood flow through the skin
2) Increase amount of sweat production (both nerve pathways) |
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Difference between temperature and heat
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Temp indicates amount of heat energy present, heat is a type of energy
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Hyperhydrosis
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excessive sweating
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Nervous system (2)
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1) Muscular activity
2) Glandular activity |
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Hair color
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Melanin
Black - true melanin Blond - Melanin c sulfur Red - Melanin c iron White/Grey - lower amt. melanin |
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Cold receptors (2)
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1) Mechanical energy
2) Arterials - vaso constrict |
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Tyrosinase
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Enzyme-amino acid - slows down due to age, lower amt. melanin
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Four factors that influence skin color
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1) Pigments-melanin
2) Carotene-yellowish 3) Bili rubin-yellowish 4) Hemoglobin-blue/red/pink |
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Excess of bili rubin
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Yellow pigment found in blood - jaundice
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Bili verde
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Green - breakdown product of hemoglobin
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Jaundice (other than medical)
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Some people take on this color from eating too much lettuce/carrots
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Albinism
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No melanin, inherited inability to produce melanin (white skin, hair, pink eyes) no tyrosinase activity, recessive trait
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Vitiligo
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Partial or complete loss of melanocytes from a particular area of skin - these areas of the skin are a whitish or spotted white color.
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Freckles
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Patches of melanin
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Macule
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Black/blue mark with no elevation/depression on skin, colour comes from bruises, three pigments - bili rubin, 'verden, and reduced hemoglobin
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Papule
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red elevated area on the skin (ex: mosquito sting)
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Vesicle
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Fluid filled elevation of the skin (ex: blister)
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Postule
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Vesicles that contain pus (pimples)
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Bulla
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Large vesicles or blisters
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Cruste
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Dry pus and fluid on the skin
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Lichenification
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Hardening and thickening of the skin
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Scar
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Fibrous tissue located in a previous lesion
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Fibrous tissue
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Contains a lot of fibron<- insoluble protein found in blood after coagulation
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Keloid
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Large elevated scar = histology > fibrous tissue
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Bacterial infections
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Cause apt to be caccal bacterial
1) Caccal 2) Staphyloccus 3) Streptococcus |
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Viral infections
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Caused by viruses
1) Warts - begign tumor 2) Herpes - Cold sores Both caused by viruses |
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Fungal infections
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Athletes foot, apt to be cracking in the skin
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Acne (cause)
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inflammation of the sebaceous glands
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Blackheads
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Enlarged sebaceous glands loaded with sebum, black colour results from melanin and oxidized acids
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Eczema
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Common skin disorder, cause unknown, food allergy? Symptoms: redness, eruptions, watery discharge, crust, scabs
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Seborrhea
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Excessive production of sebum, which may form crusts and scabs on the skin
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Impetigo
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Highly contageous bacterial disease-staph infection-raw skin, spreads
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Psoriasis
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Silvery scales on body
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Burns
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Two ways to characterize -
1) How much of the body 2) Depth of the burns |
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Rule of nines
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Hand/neck - 9%
Two arms - 18% Two legs - 36% Chest/Upper back - 18% Ab/lower back - 18% Groin - 1% |
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Depth of burns
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1st degree: Skin is reddish, no blisters
2nd degree: Blistering 3rd degree: Charring present -all layers of the skin damaged |
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Homeotherms
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An organism, having a body temperature that is constant and largely independent of the temperature of its surroundings; an endotherm.
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Hypothalamus
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The part of the brain that lies below the thalamus, forming the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functioning to regulate bodily temperature, certain metabolic processes, and other autonomic activities.
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Tendons
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A band of tough, inelastic fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment.
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