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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Structure of the digestive system.
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organs of the digestive system that are organized into 2 groups,: Main organs and Accessory organs
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Main organs of the digestive system
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1. mouth
2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. small intestine 6. large intestine |
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Accessory organs of the digestive system
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1. salivary glands
2. tongue 3. teeth 4. liver 5. gallbladder 6. pancreas 7. appendix |
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Primary functions of the digestive system
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1. Digestion
2. Absorption 3. Elimination |
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Function of digestion
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breakdown of nutrients from complex to simple
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Function of absorption
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passage of nutrients into blood
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Function of absorption
(Majority is where) |
done in majority of the small intestines
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Function of elimination
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removal of wastes from digestive system
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Function of elimination
(Majority is where) |
done in majority of the large intestines
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Purposes of digestion
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1. Absorption
2. Metabolism |
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Layers of the GI Tract (Digestive Tube Proper
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1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa 3. Mucularis 4. Serosa |
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Structure of the digestive system.
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organs of the digestive system that are organized into 2 groups,: Main organs and Accessory organs
|
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Structure of the Digestive system
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organs of the digestive system are organized into 2 groups (main organs and accessory organs)
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Main organs of the digestive system
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1.mouth
2.pharynx 3.esophagus 4.stomach 5.small intestine 6.small intestine |
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Accessory organs of the digestive system
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1. salivary glands
2. tongue 3. teeth 4. liver 5. gallbladder 6. pancreas 7. appendix |
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Primary Functions of the digestive system
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1. Digestive
2. Absorption 3. Elimination |
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Primary function of the digestive
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breakdown of nutrients from complex to simple form
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Primary funcation of the absorption
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passage of nutrients into blood
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Where does the majority of the absorption do it's funcation
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majority in small intestines
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Primary function of the elimination
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removal of wastes form digestive system.
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Where does the majority of the elimination occur to do its funcation
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majory in large intestines
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Purposes of the Digestive
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1. Absorption
2. Metabolism |
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What is metabolism
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-Most important purpose of the digestive system.
-food usage in cells |
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Layers of the GI Tract or Digestive Tube Proper
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1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa |
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Layer of GI Tract
(Mucosa) |
-innermost lining
-helps to moisture and protects -covers epithelium tissue |
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Layer of GI Tract
(Submucosa) |
-Connective Tissue that supports
-contains blood vessels and nerves |
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Layer of GI Tract
(Muscularis) |
-1 muscle type: Smooth
-2 muscle layers: circular and longitudinal (nerves b/t) |
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Layer of GI Tract
(Serosa) |
-outermost covering
-AKA Visceral Peritoneum |
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Modifications of layers of the GI Tract
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Modified in stucture based on organ's functions
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What organs make up the digestive tube proper
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1. stomach
2. esophagus 3. small intestines 4. large intestines |
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The primary purpose of the digestive system ......
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Metabolism
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Layers of the GI Tract (Digestive Tube Proper)
2. submucosa |
-Connective tissue
-Supports -Blood vessels and nerves -Supplies muscle contraction |
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Layers of the GI Tract
(Digestive Tube Proper) 3. Muscularis |
-muscle type-smooth
-muscle layers (2)- 1. Circular 2. Longitudinal (Nerves B/T) |
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Layers of the GI Tract
(Digestive Tube Proper) 4. Serosa |
-Outermost covering
-AKA Visceral Peritoneum |
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Modifications of layers
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Layers modified in structure based on organ's function
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Organs that makeup the digestive tube proper
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stomach
esophagus small intestine large intestine |
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4 strucures that compose the mouth (oral/buccal cavity)
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1. lips
2. cheeks 3. hard and soft palate 4. tongue |
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Lips
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anterior boundary of the oral cavity
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philtrum
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shallow vertical groove in midline above the upper lip
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oral fissure
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line of contact between closed lips
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cheeks
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lateral boundaries of the oral cavity
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buccinator muscle
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major cheek muscle
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buccal glands
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-mucous glands; located within cheeks
-secrete mucous into oral cavity |
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hard nad soft palates
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roof of the oral cavity
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hard palate
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bone (2 maxillary and 2 palatine)
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soft palate
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muscle behind hard palate
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fauces
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opeing between oral cavity and oropharynx
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uvula
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cone shaped structure suspended from center of soft palate
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tongue
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-floor of the oral cavity
-solid mass of skeletal muscle covered by mucous membrane |
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2 muscles assocaited with tongue
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1. intrinsic (internal)
2. extrinsic (external) |
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Intrinsic (Internal)
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compose the tongue (orgin and insertion within tongue)
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Function of intrinsic muscle of the tongue
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-tongue maeuverability (abiltiy to change size and shape
-important in chewing and speech |
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extrinsic (external) muscle
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attach to the tongue (insertion into tongue, orgin on some other structure
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Function of extrinsic muscle of the tongue
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-move the tongue as a whole
-important during swallowing and speech |
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divisions of the tongue
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1. root
2. tip 3. body |
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root of tongue
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base/posterior portion
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tip of tongue
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anterior portion (pointed)
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body of tongue
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central portion
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papillae
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rough elevatins; cover upper surface and sides of tongue
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3 types of papillae
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1. vallate
2. fungigorm 3. filiform |
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vallate
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large and mushroomlike
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fungiform
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located on sides and tip of tongue
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filiform
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-small and white in appearance (very numerous)
-located on anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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taste buds (taste receptors)
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-receptors for cranial nerves VII and IX
-located on lateral walls of vallate and fungiform papillae (filiform papillae have no taste buds) |
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specialized structures:
lingual frenulum |
-midline fold mucous membrance on undersurface of tongue
-helps to anchor tongue to the floor of the mouth |
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2 types of salivary glands
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1. buccal glands
2. paired salviary glands |
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buccal glands
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-mucous glands; located within cheeks
-secrete mucous into oral cavity -contribute less than 5% of the total volume of saliva |
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paired salivary glands
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secrete the major portion (95%) of saliva
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3 pairs of paired salivary glands
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1. parotid glands
2. submandibular glands 3. sublingual glands |
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Parotid glands
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-located infront of and below ears
-largest salivary glands -produce saliva that containes enzymes, but no mucous -Parotid ducts (Stensen's ducts) drain saliva from these glands into the oral cavity |
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submandibular glands
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-located below the mandibular angle
-size/shape of a walnut -produce saliva that contains enzymes and mucous -Submandicular ducts (Wharton's ducts) drain saliva from these glands into the floor of the oral cavity |
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sublingual glands
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-located below the tongue in the floor of the mouth
-smallest salivary gland -produce saliva that contains mucous -sublingual ducts drain saliva from these glands into the floor of the mouth |
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divisions of teeth
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1. crown
2. neck 3. root |
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crown of tooth
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-exposed portion
-covered by enamel |
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neck of tooth
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-narrow portion surrounded by gingivae (gums)
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root of tooth
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-hidden portion
-fits into bone (sockets in the maxillary and mandible bones-held in sockets by periodontal membrane) |
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detnal tissues
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1. enamel
2. dentin 3. cementum |
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enamel of tooth
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-covers the crown of the tooth
-the hardest and most chemically stable tissue in the body (minerals) -designed to withstand abrasion and attack by baceria |
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dentin of tooth
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-composes the greatest portion of the tooth shell (softer than enamel)
-covered by enamel in the crown area and cementum in the neck and root area |
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cementum
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the outermost dental tissue in the neck and root area
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pulp cavity
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-located within the dentin
-contains connective tissue, blood vessels, sensory nerves |
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types of teeth
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1. deciduous teeth (baby teeth)
2. permanent teeth |
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total number of deciduous teeth
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20
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eruption of deciduous teeth
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between -30 months (lower before upper, usually)
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shedding of deciduous teeth
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6-13 years old replaced by permanent teeth
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names and numbers of deciduous teeth: per jaw
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1. incisors - 4
2. canines (cuspids)-2 3. molars -4 |
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incisors of deciduous teeth
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-4
-central-2 -lateral-2 |
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canines of deciduous teeth
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-2 cuspids
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molars of deciduous teeth
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-4
-first-2 -second-2 |
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total number of permanent teeth
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32
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eruption of permanent teeth
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7-24 years
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names and numbers of permanent teeth (per jaw)
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1. incisors-4
2. canines (cuspids)-2 3. premolars (bicuspids)-4 4. molars (tricuspids)-6 |
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incisors of permanent teeth
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-4
-central-2 -lateral-2 |
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canines of permanent teeth
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-2
-cuspids |
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premolars of permanent teeth
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-4
-bicuspids -first -2 -second -2 |
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molar of permanent teeth
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-6
-tricuspids -first-2 -second-2 -third (wisdom teeth)-2 |
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3 divisions of pharynx
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oropharynx
nasopharynx larynopharynx |
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pharynx
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shared organ between respiratory and digestive systems
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extent of the esophagus
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from pharynx to stomach
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position of the esophagus
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lies posterior to trachea and heart
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structure of the esophagus
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collapsed tube: opens as food passes through
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Layer modification of the esophagus
mucosa |
cells layers for protectin from injury
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layer modification of the esophagus
muscularis |
-2 layers of muscle: inner circular and outer longitudinal
-2 types of muscle: smooth and skeletal |