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103 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Structure of the digestive system.
organs of the digestive system that are organized into 2 groups,: Main organs and Accessory organs
Main organs of the digestive system
1. mouth
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
5. small intestine
6. large intestine
Accessory organs of the digestive system
1. salivary glands
2. tongue
3. teeth
4. liver
5. gallbladder
6. pancreas
7. appendix
Primary functions of the digestive system
1. Digestion
2. Absorption
3. Elimination
Function of digestion
breakdown of nutrients from complex to simple
Function of absorption
passage of nutrients into blood
Function of absorption
(Majority is where)
done in majority of the small intestines
Function of elimination
removal of wastes from digestive system
Function of elimination
(Majority is where)
done in majority of the large intestines
Purposes of digestion
1. Absorption
2. Metabolism
Layers of the GI Tract (Digestive Tube Proper
1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Mucularis
4. Serosa
Structure of the digestive system.
organs of the digestive system that are organized into 2 groups,: Main organs and Accessory organs
Structure of the Digestive system
organs of the digestive system are organized into 2 groups (main organs and accessory organs)
Main organs of the digestive system
1.mouth
2.pharynx
3.esophagus
4.stomach
5.small intestine
6.small intestine
Accessory organs of the digestive system
1. salivary glands
2. tongue
3. teeth
4. liver
5. gallbladder
6. pancreas
7. appendix
Primary Functions of the digestive system
1. Digestive
2. Absorption
3. Elimination
Primary function of the digestive
breakdown of nutrients from complex to simple form
Primary funcation of the absorption
passage of nutrients into blood
Where does the majority of the absorption do it's funcation
majority in small intestines
Primary function of the elimination
removal of wastes form digestive system.
Where does the majority of the elimination occur to do its funcation
majory in large intestines
Purposes of the Digestive
1. Absorption
2. Metabolism
What is metabolism
-Most important purpose of the digestive system.
-food usage in cells
Layers of the GI Tract or Digestive Tube Proper
1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa
Layer of GI Tract
(Mucosa)
-innermost lining
-helps to moisture and protects
-covers epithelium tissue
Layer of GI Tract
(Submucosa)
-Connective Tissue that supports
-contains blood vessels and nerves
Layer of GI Tract
(Muscularis)
-1 muscle type: Smooth
-2 muscle layers: circular and longitudinal (nerves b/t)
Layer of GI Tract
(Serosa)
-outermost covering
-AKA Visceral Peritoneum
Modifications of layers of the GI Tract
Modified in stucture based on organ's functions
What organs make up the digestive tube proper
1. stomach
2. esophagus
3. small intestines
4. large intestines
The primary purpose of the digestive system ......
Metabolism
Layers of the GI Tract (Digestive Tube Proper)

2. submucosa
-Connective tissue
-Supports
-Blood vessels and nerves
-Supplies muscle contraction
Layers of the GI Tract
(Digestive Tube Proper)

3. Muscularis
-muscle type-smooth
-muscle layers (2)-
1. Circular
2. Longitudinal (Nerves B/T)
Layers of the GI Tract
(Digestive Tube Proper)

4. Serosa
-Outermost covering
-AKA Visceral Peritoneum
Modifications of layers
Layers modified in structure based on organ's function
Organs that makeup the digestive tube proper
stomach
esophagus
small intestine
large intestine
4 strucures that compose the mouth (oral/buccal cavity)
1. lips
2. cheeks
3. hard and soft palate
4. tongue
Lips
anterior boundary of the oral cavity
philtrum
shallow vertical groove in midline above the upper lip
oral fissure
line of contact between closed lips
cheeks
lateral boundaries of the oral cavity
buccinator muscle
major cheek muscle
buccal glands
-mucous glands; located within cheeks
-secrete mucous into oral cavity
hard nad soft palates
roof of the oral cavity
hard palate
bone (2 maxillary and 2 palatine)
soft palate
muscle behind hard palate
fauces
opeing between oral cavity and oropharynx
uvula
cone shaped structure suspended from center of soft palate
tongue
-floor of the oral cavity
-solid mass of skeletal muscle covered by mucous membrane
2 muscles assocaited with tongue
1. intrinsic (internal)
2. extrinsic (external)
Intrinsic (Internal)
compose the tongue (orgin and insertion within tongue)
Function of intrinsic muscle of the tongue
-tongue maeuverability (abiltiy to change size and shape
-important in chewing and speech
extrinsic (external) muscle
attach to the tongue (insertion into tongue, orgin on some other structure
Function of extrinsic muscle of the tongue
-move the tongue as a whole
-important during swallowing and speech
divisions of the tongue
1. root
2. tip
3. body
root of tongue
base/posterior portion
tip of tongue
anterior portion (pointed)
body of tongue
central portion
papillae
rough elevatins; cover upper surface and sides of tongue
3 types of papillae
1. vallate
2. fungigorm
3. filiform
vallate
large and mushroomlike
fungiform
located on sides and tip of tongue
filiform
-small and white in appearance (very numerous)
-located on anterior 2/3 of tongue
taste buds (taste receptors)
-receptors for cranial nerves VII and IX
-located on lateral walls of vallate and fungiform papillae (filiform papillae have no taste buds)
specialized structures:
lingual frenulum
-midline fold mucous membrance on undersurface of tongue
-helps to anchor tongue to the floor of the mouth
2 types of salivary glands
1. buccal glands
2. paired salviary glands
buccal glands
-mucous glands; located within cheeks
-secrete mucous into oral cavity
-contribute less than 5% of the total volume of saliva
paired salivary glands
secrete the major portion (95%) of saliva
3 pairs of paired salivary glands
1. parotid glands
2. submandibular glands
3. sublingual glands
Parotid glands
-located infront of and below ears
-largest salivary glands
-produce saliva that containes enzymes, but no mucous
-Parotid ducts (Stensen's ducts) drain saliva from these glands into the oral cavity
submandibular glands
-located below the mandibular angle
-size/shape of a walnut
-produce saliva that contains enzymes and mucous
-Submandicular ducts (Wharton's ducts) drain saliva from these glands into the floor of the oral cavity
sublingual glands
-located below the tongue in the floor of the mouth
-smallest salivary gland
-produce saliva that contains mucous
-sublingual ducts drain saliva from these glands into the floor of the mouth
divisions of teeth
1. crown
2. neck
3. root
crown of tooth
-exposed portion
-covered by enamel
neck of tooth
-narrow portion surrounded by gingivae (gums)
root of tooth
-hidden portion
-fits into bone (sockets in the maxillary and mandible bones-held in sockets by periodontal membrane)
detnal tissues
1. enamel
2. dentin
3. cementum
enamel of tooth
-covers the crown of the tooth
-the hardest and most chemically stable tissue in the body (minerals)
-designed to withstand abrasion and attack by baceria
dentin of tooth
-composes the greatest portion of the tooth shell (softer than enamel)
-covered by enamel in the crown area and cementum in the neck and root area
cementum
the outermost dental tissue in the neck and root area
pulp cavity
-located within the dentin
-contains connective tissue, blood vessels, sensory nerves
types of teeth
1. deciduous teeth (baby teeth)
2. permanent teeth
total number of deciduous teeth
20
eruption of deciduous teeth
between -30 months (lower before upper, usually)
shedding of deciduous teeth
6-13 years old replaced by permanent teeth
names and numbers of deciduous teeth: per jaw
1. incisors - 4
2. canines (cuspids)-2
3. molars -4
incisors of deciduous teeth
-4
-central-2
-lateral-2
canines of deciduous teeth
-2 cuspids
molars of deciduous teeth
-4
-first-2
-second-2
total number of permanent teeth
32
eruption of permanent teeth
7-24 years
names and numbers of permanent teeth (per jaw)
1. incisors-4
2. canines (cuspids)-2
3. premolars (bicuspids)-4
4. molars (tricuspids)-6
incisors of permanent teeth
-4
-central-2
-lateral-2
canines of permanent teeth
-2
-cuspids
premolars of permanent teeth
-4
-bicuspids
-first -2
-second -2
molar of permanent teeth
-6
-tricuspids
-first-2
-second-2
-third (wisdom teeth)-2
3 divisions of pharynx
oropharynx
nasopharynx
larynopharynx
pharynx
shared organ between respiratory and digestive systems
extent of the esophagus
from pharynx to stomach
position of the esophagus
lies posterior to trachea and heart
structure of the esophagus
collapsed tube: opens as food passes through
Layer modification of the esophagus

mucosa
cells layers for protectin from injury
layer modification of the esophagus

muscularis
-2 layers of muscle: inner circular and outer longitudinal
-2 types of muscle: smooth and skeletal