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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immunity
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capacity to recognize & defend against infectious agents & foreign substances
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Susceptibility
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vulnerability to infectious agents
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Innate Immunity
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non-specific, effective against any infectious agent
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Adaptive Immunity
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specific to a particular infectious agent
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Immunology
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study of specific immunity
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Immune System
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provides host with specific immunity
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Innate Immune System
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non-specific, requires no prior exposure to infectious agent
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Acquired Immunity
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aka Adaptive Immunity
specific, non-hereditary that occurs following exposure to an infective agent |
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Active Immunity
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host's immune system makes antibodies
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Passive Immunity
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ready made antibodies introduced into host
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Antigen (define)
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foreign substance that elicits immune response
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Antigen (structure)
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most are proteins, some are polysaccharides, nucleoproteins, glycoproteins
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Epitope (aka)
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Antigenic Determinant
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Antigenic Determinant (aka)
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Epitope
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Epitope (define)
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aka Epitope
area on molecule to which antibodies can bind |
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Antibody (aka)
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Immunoglobulin
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Immunoglobulin (aka)
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Antibody
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Antibody (define)
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protein produced in response to antigen presence
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Lymphocyte
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agranular WBC, develops from lymphoid stem cells in bone marrow
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B-cell
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differentiated lymphocyte developed in bone marrow
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T-cell
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differentiated lymphocyte developed in thymus or under thymic control
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Humoral Immunity
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B-cells & plasma cells. Attack in liquid.
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Cell-mediated Immunity
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Attack in cells. Carried out by certain T-cells.
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Dual Nature of Immune System
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Humoral (in fluids) & cell-mediated (in cells)
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Immune Response
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Distinguish between self vs other
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Clonal Selection Theory
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B-cell recognizes antigen's epitope, binds, engulfs, processes, displays foreign peptide fragment as MHC clas II for TH2 cells, divides many times. Create plasma cell clones & some memory cells.
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Specificity
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immune response ability to recognize/respond among different antigen/epitope
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Diversity
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immune response ability to produce many different antibodies & cell substances based on antigens encountered
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Immunological Memory
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T & B cell ability to recognize substances to which immune system previously responded
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Compromised Host
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host with reduced resistance
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Active Immunization
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produces same response as the one that would have occurred if the infective agent were encountered naturally
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Toxoid
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inactivated toxin, e.g. antivenom
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Vaccine
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confers active immunication. Made from live attenuated organisms, killed organisms, or parts of organisms.
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Passive immunization
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occurs by same mechanism as natural passive transfer of antibodies
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Antisera
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Confers passive immunity. Immune serum globulin (gamma globulin), hyperimmune sera, convalescent sera, antitoxins.
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Recombinant DNA Vaccines
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Genes for antigens of pathogens are inserted into nonpathogenic organisms' genomes. Very safe.
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Effectivesness of Vaccine Types
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Attenuated Vaccines: most effective, least safe
Subunit Vaccines: fewer side effects than killed, greater safety than attenuated. Killed Vaccines: safer than Attenuated. |
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Bacterial Immunity
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Plasma cells produce antibodies. Mainly promotes phagocytosis.
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Primary Response
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Immune System's first encounter with foreign antigens. Memory cells will be created and retained in lymphoid tissue.
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Secondary Response
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fast, effective destruction of antigens recognized by B and T memory cells.
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Fungal immunity
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Involves IgA, primarily cell-mediated
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Viral Immunity
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nonspecific defenses, interferon, antibodies. Tc and NK cells help destroy virus infected cells.
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