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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called |
d. metabolism
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Cells synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons?
a. to perform structural maintenance b. growth and repair c. to produce secretions d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
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During glycolysis
a. a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid b. t molecules of ATP are produced c. carbon dioxide is produced d. more energy is used than is released |
a. a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid
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The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during
a. glycolysis b. the TCA cycle c. electron transport d. the formation of pyruvic acid |
b. the TCA cycle
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The process by which ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria is known as
a. decarboxylation b. the TCA cycle c. chemiosmosis d. anaerobic respiration |
c. chemiosmosis
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In the process of cellular respiration, each molecule of glucose that is metabolized yields enough energy to form _____ molecules of ATP.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 30 d. 36 |
d. 36
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Lipoproteins, carrying mostly cholesterol and phospholipids from peripheral tissues to the liver are called
a. very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) b. low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) c. high -density lipoproteins (HDLs) d. very high density lipoproteins |
c. high -density lipoproteins (HDLs)
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The largest metabolic reserves for the average adult are stored as
a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. amino acids d. triglycerides |
d. triglycerides
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The process of deamination produces
a. keto acids b. urea c. ammonia d. acetyl-CoA |
c. ammonia
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Urea is formed in the
a. liver b. stomach c. kidneys d. pancreas |
a. liver
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Adults have _______ essential amino acids.
a. 2 b. 6 c. 10 d. 20 |
c. 10
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During the absorptive state
a. the liver forms glycogen b. adipocytes contribute fatty acids to the circulation c. skeletal muscle breaks down glycogen d. glucagon levels are elevated |
a. the liver forms glycogen
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During starvation
a. carbohydrate utilization increases b. gluconeogenesis accelerates c. structural proteins can be used as a potential energy source d. both b and c |
d. both b and c
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The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are
a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. fats d. vitamins |
c. fats |
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The major cation in extracellular fluid that is essential for normal membrane function is
a. sodium b. potassium c. calcium d. magnesium |
a. sodium
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The major cation in cytoplasm that is essential for membrane function is
a. sodium b. potassium c. calcium d. magnesium |
b. potassium
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A cation that is essential for muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting is
a. sodium b. potassium c. calcium d. magnesium |
c. calcium
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A mineral that is a component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes is
a. calcium b. iron c. magnesium d. zinc |
b. iron
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A mineral that is a necessary cofactor for hemoglobin synthesis is
a. zinc b. copper c. iron d. calcium |
b. copper
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The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin
a. A b. B c. C d. D |
a. A
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The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin
a. A b. B c. C d. D |
d. D
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The vitamin that prevents the destruction of vitamin A and fatty acids is vitamin
a. A b. B c. K d. E |
d. E
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The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin
a. A b. B c. K d. E |
c. K |
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The vitamin that is a coenzyme in amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism is
a. vitamin C b. pantothenic acid c. niacin d. folic acid |
d. folic acid
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Factors that influence an individuals BMR include all of the following except
a. body height b. body weight c. age d. genetics |
a. body height
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Most heat is lost from the body through the process of
a. radiation b. conduction c. convection d. evaporation |
a. radiation
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The primary function of the TCA cycle in carbohydrate metabolism is to
a. produce 30 ATPs b. produce carbon dioxide c. produce oxygen d. supply hydrogen atoms to conenzymes NAD and FAD |
d. supply hydrogen atoms to conenzymes NAD and FAD
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Catabolism of protein is not a practical source of quick energy because of all of the following, except
a. proteins are more difficult to break apart than lipids or carbohydrates b. the energy yield from proteins is less than the yield from lipids c. one of the byproducts of protein catabolism is a toxin d. most cells do not contain the enzyme necessary to break the peptide bonds |
d. most cells do not contain the enzyme necessary to break the peptide bonds |
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A diet that includes just enough carbohydrate and lipid to meet daily needs would
a. be incomplete b. be protein sparing c. be inefficient from an energy standpoint d. not maintain homeostasis |
b. be protein sparing
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Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of
a. vitamin A b. vitamin B12 c. vitamin C d. niacin |
a. vitamin A
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Which of the following individuals would lose heat faster in a cold room?
a. an adult man b. an adolescent female c. a male child d. a newborn infant |
d. a newborn infant
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If you were in a desert without water, which nutrient would you like to have stored in your body in a large amount
a. protein b. complex carbohydrates c. fat d. sugars |
b. complex carbohydrates
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In glycolysis, there is net generation of ______ ATP.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 30 d. 36 |
a. 2 |
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During lipolysis
a. triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA b. triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids c. lipids are converted into glucose molecules d. lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates |
b. triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids |
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Linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid are examples of
a. transport proteins b. essential fatty acids c. essential amino acids d. lipoproteins |
b. essential fatty acids
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In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is
a. converted to ammonia b. converted to urea c. transferred to a keto acid d. transferred to acetyl-CoA |
c. transferred to a keto acid
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The major anion in body fluids is:
a. chloride b. bicarbonate c. sulfate d. iodide |
a. chloride
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The vitamin that is the constituant of the coenzyme NAD is:
a. thiamin b. riboflavin c. niacin d. folic acid |
c. niacin
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The loss of infared energy from the body is called:
a. radiation b. conduction c. convection d. evaporation |
a. radiation
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During negative nitrogen balance:
a. more nitrogen compounds are ingested than excreted b. more nitrogen compounds are excreted than ingested c. protein consumption exceeds amino acid catabolism d. protein synthesis is accelerated |
b. more nitrogen compounds are excreted than ingested
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