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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood that is transported to and from all of the tissues of the body with the exception of the lungs is in the
a. arterial circulation b. pulmonary circuit c. systemic circulation d. portal circulation |
c. systemic circulation
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The cavity which contains the heart is the
a. diaphragmatic cavity b. pleural cavity c. pericardial cavity d. peritoneal cavity |
c. pericardial cavity
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Which of the following does not apply to the pericardium?
a. it can be divided into visceral and parietal layers b. the visceral pericardium is the outer layer c. the parietal pericardium lines the inner surface of the sac that surrounds the heart d. the pericardial sac is reinforced by a dense network of collagen fibers |
b. the visceral pericardium is the outer layer
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The epicardium is also called the
a. pericardial cavity b. visceral pericardium c. parietal pericardium d. pericardial sac |
b. visceral pericardium
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The myocardium
a. consists of a parietal and visceral layer b. consists of cardiac muscle tissue and associated connective tissues, blood vessels and nerves c. covers the outer surface of the heart d. is a serous membrane reinforced by collagen fibers |
b. consists of cardiac muscle tissue and associated connective tissues, blood vessels and nerves
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Cardiac muscle is called a functional syncytium because
a. neighboring cells are interlocked by myofibrils b. connective tissue attaches both atria to both ventricles c. cardiac muscle cells are derived from the same stem cells d. the contractions of one cell triggers the contraction of others |
d. the contractions of one cell triggers the contraction of others
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Functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart include all of the following except
a. stabilization of the positions of the muscle fibers and valves in the heart b. provide physical support for the cardiac muscle fibers and myocardial blood vessels and nerves c. controlling the distribution of the forces of muscle contraction d. no exceptions; all of the above are true |
d. no exceptions; all of the above are true
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The muscle fibers of the atria are isolated physically from those of the ventricles
a. by the epicardium b. by the fibrous skeleton of the heart c. by the coronary blood vessels d. but not isolated electrically, as they all contract at exactly the same time |
b. by the fibrous skeleton of the heart
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The heart is positioned
a. slightly to the right of the midline of the body b. at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal axis of the body c. entirely on the left side of the chest d. rotated toward the left side of the body |
d. rotated toward the left side of the body
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The valves of the heart function to
a. push blood from one chamber to another b. prevent backflow of blood into chambers it has just left c. maintain a one-way flow of blood d. stimulate the electrical conduction system of the heart e. b and c are correct |
e. b and c are correct
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Blood enters the right atrium through which of the following?
a. superior vena cava b. inferior vena cava c. coronary sinus d. all of the above e. only a and b above |
d. all of the above
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Blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the
a. semilunar valve b. fossa ovalis c. mitral valve d. tricuspid valve |
d. tricuspid valve
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The right ventricle pumps blood to the
a. lungs b. left ventricle c. left atrium d. body by way of the aorta |
a. lungs
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The left atrium receives blood from the
a. pulmonary veins b. pulmonary arteries c. aorta d. inferior vena cava |
a. pulmonary veins
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The pulmonary semilunar valve guards the entrance to the
a. aorta b. pulmonary trunk c. pulmonary vein d. right ventricle |
b. pulmonary trunk
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The bicuspid or mitral valve is located
a. in the opening of the aorta b. in the opening of the pulmonary trunk c. between the right atrium and the left atrium d. between the left atrium and left ventricle |
d. between the left atrium and left ventricle
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The function of an atrium is to
a. collect blood b. pump blood to the lungs c. pump blood into the systemic circuit d. pump blood to the heart muscle |
a. collect blood
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Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except
a. a thicker wall b. develops higher pressures when it contracts c. relaxes more slowly d. produces 6 to 7 times more force when it contracts |
c. relaxes more slowly
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The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the
a. superior vena cava b. inferior vena cava c. coronary sinus d. left atrium |
c. coronary sinus
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The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the _______ arteries.
a. pulmonary b. coronary c. carotid d. subclavian |
b. coronary
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The heart is innervated by ____________ nerves.
a. parasympathetic b. sympathetic c. both parasympathetic and sympathetic d. neither parasympathetic nor sympathetic |
c. both parasympathetic and sympathetic
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The plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to
a. the movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane b. the calcium channels remaining open longer than the sodium channels c. the increased membrane permeability to potassium ions d. a decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane |
b. the calcium channels remaining open longer than the sodium channels
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The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the
a. Purkinje fibers b. SA node c. AV node d. wall of the left ventricle |
b. SA node
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Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the
a. p wave b. t wave c. s wave d. QRS complex |
d. QRS complex
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The first heart sound is heard when the
a. AV valves open b. AV valves close c. semilunar valves close d. ventricles contract |
b. AV valves close
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During the cardiac cycle, the
a. p wave of the ECG occurs between the first and second heart sounds b. QRS complex of the ECG precedes the increase in ventricular pressure c. third heart sound occurs during atrial systole d. second heart sound coincides with the QRS complex of the ECG |
b. QRS complex of the ECG precedes the increase in ventricular pressure
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The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the
a. end-diastolic volume b. end-systolic volume c. cardiac output d. stroke volume |
d. stroke volume
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The cardiac output is equal to the
a. difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume b. product of heart rate and stroke volume c. difference between the stroke volume at rest and the stroke volume d. product of heart rate and blood pressure |
b. product of heart rate and stroke volume
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Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output, except
a. increased venous return b. increased parasympathetic stimulation c. increased sympathetic stimulation d. increased heart rate |
b. increased parasympathetic stimulation
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According to Starling's "law of the heart", the cardiac output is directly related to the
a. size of the ventricle b. heart rate c. venous return d. end-systolic volume |
c. venous return
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At an intercalated disc
a. the cell membranes of two cardiac muscle fibers are completely separated by a synapse b. the myofibrils are loosely attached to the membrane of the disc c. two cardiac muscle cells are connected by a gap junction d. t-tubules unite the membranes of the adjoining cells |
c. two cardiac muscle cells are connected by a gap junction
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As a result of the long refractory period, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit
a. tonus b. treppe c. tetany d. fatigue |
c. tetany
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If the connection between the vagus nerve and the heart are severed, the
a. heart will beat slower b. stroke volume will decrease c. cardiac output will decrease d. none of the above |
d. none of the above
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Abnormally slow conduction through the ventricles would change the shape of the _____ in an ECG tracing.
a. p wave b. t wave c. QRS complex d. P-R interval |
c. QRS complex
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If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,
a. the ventricles will beat faster b. the ventricles will beat more slowly c. the ventricluar rate of contraction will not be affected d. the stroke volume will increase |
b. the ventricles will beat more slowly
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In which situation would the stroke volume be the greatest?
a. when venous return is increased b. when venous return is decreased c. when the force of contraction is decreased d. when the difference between the end diastolic volume and the end systolic volume is small |
a. when venous return is increased
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David suffers from a regurgitating mitral valve. This condition would cause
a. increased cardiac output from the right ventricle b. increased cardiac output from the left ventricle c. fluid congestion in the lungs d. decreased heart rate |
c. fluid congestion in the lungs
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The expandable extension of the atrium is the
a. ventricle b. coronary sinus c. auricle d. interatrial septum |
c. auricle
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The coronary sulcus is a groove that
a. marks the border between the atria and ventricles b. marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles c. marks the boundary line between the right and left atria d. separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria |
a. marks the border between the atria and ventricles
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The cusps of atrioventricluar valves are attached to papillary muscles by the
a. pectinate muscles b. trabeculae carnae c. chordae tendineae d. coronary sulci |
c. chordae tendineae
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