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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The lining of the heart
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Endocardium
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prevents back flow into right atrium
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tricuspid valve
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prevents back flow into the left ventricle
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aortic semilunar valve
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serous layer covering heart muscle
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epicardium
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prevents back flow into left atrium
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mitral (bicusped valve)
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The pace maker of the heart
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SA node
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The contractor of the heart
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The left ventricle
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found in the interventricular septum
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AV bundle
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The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed
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AV node
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Damage to _______ node is referred as heart block
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AV node
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network found in the ventricular myocardium
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Purkinje fibers
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inflame pericardium, rough serous membrane surface, hearts rubs makes creaking sound called deep pain in sternum
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Pericarditis:
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(heart plug)
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Cardiac tamponade
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pericardial friction rub
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Pericarditis
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Coronary blockage
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Agina pectoris
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choked chest
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Agina pectoris
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thoracic pain caused by deficient blood
delivery to myocardium, stress induced spasms of coronary arteries, demand of heart. Myocardium cells weakened (lack of O2) |
Agina pectoris
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tissue death and heart attack. If tissue death cells are amitotic scar tissue
Forms survival depends on where and how much damage. To left ventricle most serious |
Myocardial infarction
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heart attack
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Myocardial infarction
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Prolonged Agina pectoris
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Myocardial infarction
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medial cavity of the thorax
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mediastinum
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dbl wall sac, encloses heart Fibrous and serous
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The Pericardium
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The Pericardium fibrous portion functions
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Anchors, protect, prevents overfill
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The Pericardium fibrous portion is made of
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Connective tissue
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What would happen if there was a depletion of the serous fluid contained in the pericardial cavity?
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Causes heart to rub against other organs roughening surface impeding heart function known as pericarditis
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Chambers of heart and associated great vessels
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2 superior atria 2inferior ventricles
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divides longit. separates atria & interventricular septum
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Interatrial septum
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divides the two ventricles
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Interventricular septum
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most of anterior surface of heart
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Right ventricle
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most of inner heart, (heart apex
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Left ventricle
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grooves on surface shows division of the four
chambers |
coronary sulcus
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In the sulcus is the ______________that supply blood to
myocardium. |
coronary arteries
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encircles junction of atria &
Ventricles. |
atrioventricular groove AVT (Coronary sulcus )
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cradles anterior interior ventricular
artery (anterior position of septum that divides r & l ventricles and continues as Posterior interventricular sulcus |
Anterior interventricular sulcus
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Receives blood from circulation. Pushes blood down stairs into ventricles
Minimal contracting needed = small (does not contribute to propulsive pumping of heart.) |
atria
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(little ear) thin walled, appendages auricles increase volume.
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Atria: right and left
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teeth of comb) Anterior wall: bundles of muscle tissue
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Right atria
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separated by crista terminalis (crest)
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Atria
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returns blood from (above diaphragm) superior
Body regions |
Superior vena cava
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returns blood from inferior body region (below
diaphragm) |
Inferior vena cava
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collects blood draining from myocardium
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Coronary sinus
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Blood enters via 3 three veins
and name the veins |
right atrium
Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava, Coronary sinus |
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blood enters via 4 four pulmonary veins
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Left atrium
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transport blood from lungs to heart
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Pulmonary veins
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Which chamber has the thickest wall?
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Left ventricular
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What is the significance of this structural difference in left ventricle compared to right?
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Systemic circuit has to pump blood through entire systemic circulation against high resistance.
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most of anterior surface of heart, pumps blood to pulmonary Trunk: is a short PATH,
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Right ventricle
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low pressure circulator, thin walled, Cavity flat (cresent shape,
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Right ventricle
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most of posteriorinferior surface, pumps blood to aorta
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Left ventricle
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Walls are three 3 x thicker than cavity circular
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Left ventricle
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Can generate more more pressure and more powerful than right
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Left ventricle
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cross bars of flesh
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Trabeculae carnae
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irregular ridges of muscle marks internal walls of ventricular chambers
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Trabeculae carnae
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conelike: role in valve function
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Papillary muscles
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project in ventricular cavity.
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Papillary muscles
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Contracts before ventricular contraction
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Papillary muscles
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The contraction of ___A____ causes tension on __B___ _____ to remove slack before the ventricle contracts
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Papillary muscles
chordae tendineae |
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routes blood to lungs for gas exchange
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Pulmonary trunk
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largest artery in body
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aorta
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supplies heart w/nutrients
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Coronary circulation
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Is the hearts blood supply b/c Myocardium is too thick for diffusion
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Coronary circulation
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Shortest circulation in body
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Coronary circulation
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Supplies nutrient to myocardium when heart is relaxed, compressed when
ventricle contracts. |
Coronary circulation
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come from base of aorta, encircles heart in
coronary sulcus. |
Right/left coronary arteries
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: fusing networks (merges of arteries), can merge in different places in the heart, not all are the same, provides collateral routes for blood delivery. Does not supply adequate delivery,
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Anastomoses
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supplies blood to L. atrium & posterior walls of left ventricle
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circumflex artery
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3 cardiac veins ____ , ____ and _____ Via ______ & _____ empty into right atrium and right ventrical.
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Great, middle, small, via coronary sinus and anterior cardiac veins
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flaps of Endocardium reinforced by connective tissue cores in valves
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Cusps
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flaps that prevents back flow, ensures one way direction
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cusps
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heart strings
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chordae tendineae
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anchor cusps to papillary muscle in ventricle walls
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chordae tendineae
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guywires 2 answers
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Chordae and papillary muscle
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anchors valves closed prevents the cusps from folding in and up into atrium when contracted 2 answers
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Chordae and papillary muscle
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lie between the atria and ventricles.
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Atrioventricular valves AV
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Prevents back flow when ventricles contract
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Atrioventricular valves AV
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right AV
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Tricuspid valve
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valve has 3 cusps
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Tricuspid valve
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Mitral valve
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Bicuspid valve
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Bicuspid valve
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Mitral valve
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Left AV valve
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Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
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bishops hat/miter
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Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
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has two cusps with chordae tendineae
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Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
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Heart relaxed blood returning to atrium puts pressure on, cusps drop blood flows into atrium & ventricles
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Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
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Heart contracts (ventricles contract) compresses blood in chambers (interventricular pressure) causes pressure closing cusps
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Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
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What is the function of valves in heart?
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prevent back flow
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waht compartment does the first contraction of heart begin
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right atrium
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what causes contraction of heart
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electrical signal from SA node
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What cell is associated with the SA Av node AV bundle, bundle branches and purkinje ?
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The autorhythmic cells
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The purkinje fibers are located where?
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completes path through interventricular septum, penetrates heart apex and into ventricular walls ,
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_____ directly supply pappillary muscles
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Purkinje fibers
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SA node to AV node to AV bundle----bundle branches---purkinje fibers is what?
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squence of excitation
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autorhythmic cells are A) unstable B) stable
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A) unstable
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Pacemaker cells (PREPOTENTIALS)
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autorhythmic cells
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Bundle of His
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AV bundle
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when a region of heart muscle is deprived of blood
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ischemic
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increase intrecellular H+ and Ca+ levels cause gap junction to close
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ischemic
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can the heart function with leaky valves
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yes as long as leak is not too great
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this causes the heart to pump the same blood over and over again
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incompetent valve
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incompetent valve the valve...
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does not close all the way
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constricting the opening of the valve (narrowing)
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stenosis
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in stenosis the hearts workload
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increases
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what is the function of the papillary muscle and chodae tendeneae?
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keep the AV valves from everting
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tetanic contractions will....
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stop the heart
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The long cardiac refractory period prevents
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Tetanic contraction
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Ca+ surge accross the sarcolemma ______ the depolarization potential producing a _____ in AP
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prolongs, plateau
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___________ liberate burst of _____ that dramatically increase the its concentration
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Calcium bursts, Ca+
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the myofibrils in cardiac muscle cells very greatly in ______ and branch _______
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diameter and branch extensively
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in cardiac muscle large mitchondria account for _____volume of cardiac cells
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25-30%
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Because cardiac muscle are electrically coupledby gap junctions the myocardium behaves as a single coordinated unit called
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functional syncytium
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compared to skeletal muscles T tubules are _____ and ___
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wider and less
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compared to skeletal muscles T tubules enter the cell ____ per sacromere at the _____
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once, Z disc
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the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum lacks the large
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terminale cisternae
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does cardiac muscle have triads
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NO
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defects in the intrinsic conduction system can cause irregular
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heart rythms (arrhymias)
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what ionic event produces the plateau in the AP of contractile muscle cells
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calcium entry
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a condition of rapid and irregular out of phase contractions inwhich the control of the heart rhythm is taken away from th SA node
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fibrillation
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uncontrolled atrial and ventricular contractions
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arrythmias
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abnormal heart sounds
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murmur
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swishing sound heard in heart
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incompetent valve
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regurgitating through a partially open valve
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incompetent valve
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volume of blood pumped out from one ventrical in one beat
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stroke volume
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amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute
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cardiac output
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