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122 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The lining of the heart
Endocardium
prevents back flow into right atrium
tricuspid valve
prevents back flow into the left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
serous layer covering heart muscle
epicardium
prevents back flow into left atrium
mitral (bicusped valve)
The pace maker of the heart
SA node
The contractor of the heart
The left ventricle
found in the interventricular septum
AV bundle
The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed
AV node
Damage to _______ node is referred as heart block
AV node
network found in the ventricular myocardium
Purkinje fibers
inflame pericardium, rough serous membrane surface, hearts rubs makes creaking sound called deep pain in sternum
Pericarditis:
(heart plug)
Cardiac tamponade
pericardial friction rub
Pericarditis
Coronary blockage
Agina pectoris
choked chest
Agina pectoris
thoracic pain caused by deficient blood
delivery to myocardium, stress induced spasms of coronary arteries, demand of heart.
Myocardium cells weakened (lack of O2)
Agina pectoris
tissue death and heart attack. If tissue death cells are amitotic scar tissue
Forms survival depends on where and how much damage. To left ventricle most serious
Myocardial infarction
heart attack
Myocardial infarction
Prolonged Agina pectoris
Myocardial infarction
medial cavity of the thorax
mediastinum
dbl wall sac, encloses heart Fibrous and serous
The Pericardium
The Pericardium fibrous portion functions
Anchors, protect, prevents overfill
The Pericardium fibrous portion is made of
Connective tissue
What would happen if there was a depletion of the serous fluid contained in the pericardial cavity?
Causes heart to rub against other organs roughening surface impeding heart function known as pericarditis
Chambers of heart and associated great vessels
2 superior atria 2inferior ventricles
divides longit. separates atria & interventricular septum
Interatrial septum
divides the two ventricles
Interventricular septum
most of anterior surface of heart
Right ventricle
most of inner heart, (heart apex
Left ventricle
grooves on surface shows division of the four
chambers
coronary sulcus
In the sulcus is the ______________that supply blood to
myocardium.
coronary arteries
encircles junction of atria &
Ventricles.
atrioventricular groove AVT (Coronary sulcus )
cradles anterior interior ventricular
artery (anterior position of septum that divides r & l ventricles and
continues as Posterior interventricular sulcus
Anterior interventricular sulcus
Receives blood from circulation. Pushes blood down stairs into ventricles
Minimal contracting needed = small (does not contribute to propulsive
pumping of heart.)
atria
(little ear) thin walled, appendages auricles increase volume.
Atria: right and left
teeth of comb) Anterior wall: bundles of muscle tissue
Right atria
separated by crista terminalis (crest)
Atria
returns blood from (above diaphragm) superior
Body regions
Superior vena cava
returns blood from inferior body region (below
diaphragm)
Inferior vena cava
collects blood draining from myocardium
Coronary sinus
Blood enters via 3 three veins

and name the veins
right atrium
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava, Coronary sinus
blood enters via 4 four pulmonary veins
Left atrium
transport blood from lungs to heart
Pulmonary veins
Which chamber has the thickest wall?
Left ventricular
What is the significance of this structural difference in left ventricle compared to right?
Systemic circuit has to pump blood through entire systemic circulation against high resistance.
most of anterior surface of heart, pumps blood to pulmonary Trunk: is a short PATH,
Right ventricle
low pressure circulator, thin walled, Cavity flat (cresent shape,
Right ventricle
most of posteriorinferior surface, pumps blood to aorta
Left ventricle
Walls are three 3 x thicker than cavity circular
Left ventricle
Can generate more more pressure and more powerful than right
Left ventricle
cross bars of flesh
Trabeculae carnae
irregular ridges of muscle marks internal walls of ventricular chambers
Trabeculae carnae
conelike: role in valve function
Papillary muscles
project in ventricular cavity.
Papillary muscles
Contracts before ventricular contraction
Papillary muscles
The contraction of ___A____ causes tension on __B___ _____ to remove slack before the ventricle contracts
Papillary muscles
chordae tendineae
routes blood to lungs for gas exchange
Pulmonary trunk
largest artery in body
aorta
supplies heart w/nutrients
Coronary circulation
Is the hearts blood supply b/c Myocardium is too thick for diffusion
Coronary circulation
Shortest circulation in body
Coronary circulation
Supplies nutrient to myocardium when heart is relaxed, compressed when
ventricle contracts.
Coronary circulation
come from base of aorta, encircles heart in
coronary sulcus.
Right/left coronary arteries
: fusing networks (merges of arteries), can merge in different places in the heart, not all are the same, provides collateral routes for blood delivery. Does not supply adequate delivery,
Anastomoses
supplies blood to L. atrium & posterior walls of left ventricle
circumflex artery
3 cardiac veins ____ , ____ and _____ Via ______ & _____ empty into right atrium and right ventrical.
Great, middle, small, via coronary sinus and anterior cardiac veins
flaps of Endocardium reinforced by connective tissue cores in valves
Cusps
flaps that prevents back flow, ensures one way direction
cusps
heart strings
chordae tendineae
anchor cusps to papillary muscle in ventricle walls
chordae tendineae
guywires 2 answers
Chordae and papillary muscle
anchors valves closed prevents the cusps from folding in and up into atrium when contracted 2 answers
Chordae and papillary muscle
lie between the atria and ventricles.
Atrioventricular valves AV
Prevents back flow when ventricles contract
Atrioventricular valves AV
right AV
Tricuspid valve
valve has 3 cusps
Tricuspid valve
Mitral valve
Bicuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Left AV valve
Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
bishops hat/miter
Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
has two cusps with chordae tendineae
Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
Heart relaxed blood returning to atrium puts pressure on, cusps drop blood flows into atrium & ventricles
Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
Heart contracts (ventricles contract) compresses blood in chambers (interventricular pressure) causes pressure closing cusps
Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)
What is the function of valves in heart?
prevent back flow
waht compartment does the first contraction of heart begin
right atrium
what causes contraction of heart
electrical signal from SA node
What cell is associated with the SA Av node AV bundle, bundle branches and purkinje ?
The autorhythmic cells
The purkinje fibers are located where?
completes path through interventricular septum, penetrates heart apex and into ventricular walls ,
_____ directly supply pappillary muscles
Purkinje fibers
SA node to AV node to AV bundle----bundle branches---purkinje fibers is what?
squence of excitation
autorhythmic cells are A) unstable B) stable
A) unstable
Pacemaker cells (PREPOTENTIALS)
autorhythmic cells
Bundle of His
AV bundle
when a region of heart muscle is deprived of blood
ischemic
increase intrecellular H+ and Ca+ levels cause gap junction to close
ischemic
can the heart function with leaky valves
yes as long as leak is not too great
this causes the heart to pump the same blood over and over again
incompetent valve
incompetent valve the valve...
does not close all the way
constricting the opening of the valve (narrowing)
stenosis
in stenosis the hearts workload
increases
what is the function of the papillary muscle and chodae tendeneae?
keep the AV valves from everting
tetanic contractions will....
stop the heart
The long cardiac refractory period prevents
Tetanic contraction
Ca+ surge accross the sarcolemma ______ the depolarization potential producing a _____ in AP
prolongs, plateau
___________ liberate burst of _____ that dramatically increase the its concentration
Calcium bursts, Ca+
the myofibrils in cardiac muscle cells very greatly in ______ and branch _______
diameter and branch extensively
in cardiac muscle large mitchondria account for _____volume of cardiac cells
25-30%
Because cardiac muscle are electrically coupledby gap junctions the myocardium behaves as a single coordinated unit called
functional syncytium
compared to skeletal muscles T tubules are _____ and ___
wider and less
compared to skeletal muscles T tubules enter the cell ____ per sacromere at the _____
once, Z disc
the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum lacks the large
terminale cisternae
does cardiac muscle have triads
NO
defects in the intrinsic conduction system can cause irregular
heart rythms (arrhymias)
what ionic event produces the plateau in the AP of contractile muscle cells
calcium entry
a condition of rapid and irregular out of phase contractions inwhich the control of the heart rhythm is taken away from th SA node
fibrillation
uncontrolled atrial and ventricular contractions
arrythmias
abnormal heart sounds
murmur
swishing sound heard in heart
incompetent valve
regurgitating through a partially open valve
incompetent valve
volume of blood pumped out from one ventrical in one beat
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute
cardiac output