Bio200-Plant Kingdom Survey

Front 1

Subkingdom Thallophyta

Back 1

multicellular algae

Front 2

Division Phaeophyta

Back 2

Brown algae

Front 3

Division Chlorophyta

Back 3

Green algae...gave rise to land plants (bryophytes and tracheophytes)

Front 4

Subkingdom Embryophyta

Back 4

land plants with embryos

Front 5

Division Bryophyta

Back 5

Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Front 6

Division Rhodophyta

Back 6

Red Algae

Front 7

Division Tracheophyta

Back 7

Vascular Plants

Front 8

Subdivision Psilopsida

Back 8

Psilopsids

Front 9

Subdivision Lycopsida

Back 9

Club Mosses

Front 10

Subdivision Sphenopsida

Back 10

Horsetails

Front 11

Subdivision Lignopsida

Back 11

Seed Plants

Front 12

Subdivision Pteropsida

Back 12

Ferns

Front 13

Class Pteridospermophyta

Back 13

Seed ferns - extinct

Front 14

Class Gnetophyta

Back 14

Welwitschia, Ephedra (gymnosperms)

Front 15

Class Ginkgophyta

Back 15

Ginkgoes (gymnosperms)

Front 16

Class cycadophyta

Back 16

Cycads (gymnosperms)

Front 17

Class Coniferophyta

Back 17

Conifers (gymnosperms)

Front 18

Class Anthophyta

Back 18

flowering plants

Front 19

Subclass Monocotyledonae

Back 19

monocots

Front 20

Subclass Dicotyledonae

Back 20

dicots

Front 21

gametophyte

Back 21

haploid phase of life cycle...produces gametes

Front 22

sporophyte

Back 22

diploid phase of the life cycle

Front 23

Alternation of generations

Back 23

The two distinct reproductive phases of green plants in which stages alternate between haploid cells and diploid cells (gametophyte cells and sporophyte cells).

Front 24

Protenema

Back 24

Small green threadlike structure...develops from the spore

Front 25

rhizoid

Back 25

The "root-like" part of moss that goes down into the earth

Front 26

Archegonia

Back 26

female sex organ of moss

Front 27

Antheridia

Back 27

male sex organ of moss

Front 28

Calyptra

Back 28

A capsule covered by a cap-like remnant of the old archegonia

Front 29

embryo

Back 29

2n (diploid tissue)...sporophyte plant

Front 30

Meiosis

Back 30

(a.k.a. reduction division)...chromosome number (2n) in each cell is reduced in half (n)

Front 31

Sori

Back 31

form spores on underside of ferns

Front 32

Prothallium

Back 32

heart shaped gametophyte plant

Front 33

seed

Back 33

fertilized ripened ovule of a gymnosperm

Front 34

gymnosperm

Back 34

"naked seed"

Front 35

homospory

Back 35

one type of same sized spores are produced

Front 36

heterospory

Back 36

two different spores of unequal size

Front 37

microspore

Back 37

(a.k.a. pollen grain)...produced by the male

Front 38

megaspore

Back 38

produced by female (larger than the microspore)

Front 39

pollination

Back 39

the transfer of pollen from the male to the female part of a flower

Front 40

staminate cone

Back 40

male reproductive structure

Front 41

ovulate cone

Back 41

female reproductive structure

Front 42

ovule

Back 42

produced by megasporangia...developes into seed

Front 43

endosperm

Back 43

stored food for embryo...(refer to p. f11)

Front 44

pollen grain

Back 44

modified microspore of seed plants

Front 45

fruit

Back 45

ripened ovary containing seeds

Front 46

cotyledons

Back 46

embryonic leaves

Front 47

sepals

Back 47

small leaf-like structures, which help protect the closed flower bud

Front 48

petals

Back 48

colorful structure leading pollinators toward the reproductive parts of the flower

Front 49

stamen

Back 49

male reproductive structure (anther, filament)

Front 50

pistil

Back 50

female reproductive structure (stigma, style, ovary)

Front 51

double fertilization

Back 51

1 sperm-->1 egg = zygote(2n)
other sperm--> 2 polar nuclei = endosperm(3n)