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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is excreated at the Urea |
Ammonia combined with carbon dioxide |
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What does nucleotide breakdown produce? |
Uric acid |
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What condition can be caused by excess uric acid? |
Gouts |
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What is Osmoregulation |
Maintenance of appropriate levels of water and salt in the blood, Regulation of blood pressure, maintain appropriate levels of K, HCO, and Ca |
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How is the Acid-base balance kept? |
Exretion of H, reabsorption of HCO |
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What is the hormone secretion path? |
Renin --> Aldosterone --> Reabsorption of sodium (Na) by kidneys |
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What does the Erythropoietin do? |
Stimulation of RBC production |
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Name 4 organs of the urinary system |
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
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What do the kidneys look like and where are they? |
Bean shaped organs near the back lumbar region |
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How are the kidneys protected? |
By the lower rib cage and they are covered by the renal capsule |
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What is the Hilum |
The depression where the renal artery enters, and the renal vein vein and ureter exits |
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What are ureters and where do they lead to? |
Small muscular tubes that descend from the hilum to enter the bladder dorsally. |
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How do the ureters move fluid along? |
Peristaltic contraction |
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Where the the urinary bladder located? |
In the pelvic cavity behind public symphysis and peritoneum |
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What are some features of the urinary bladder? |
Expandable walls, mucosa acts and valve, external and internal sphincters |
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What is the urethra? |
Small tube that extends from bladder to an external opening |
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What is a nephron? |
A basic functional unit of the kidney |
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What is the glomerulus? |
Network of capillaries located at the beginning of a nephron |
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What are Podocytes? |
Cells with long processes wrapped around the capillaries. Blood is filtered through slits between the processes or feet. |
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What is the Proximal convoluted tube (PCT)? |
Fluid in the filtrate entering the PCT is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries |
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What does the PCT narrow? |
When it reaches the loop of henle |
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What is the Distal convoluted tube? |
Epithelial cells, with multiple mitochondria but no microvilli |