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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are DNA and RNA made up of? |
Nucleotides |
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What are Nucleotides made up of? |
Pentose sugar Nitrogenous Base Phosphate group
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What are the Nucleotide bases based on Purine and how many rings do they have? |
Adenine, Guanine, 2-ring |
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What are the Nucleotide bases based on Pyrimidine and how many rings do they have? |
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil, 1-ring
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What are the five Nucleotide bases? Which two are exclusive to either DNA or RNA? |
Adenine, Guanine,Cytosine, Thymine (DNA only), Uracil (RNA only) |
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What bases are paired together in DNA? |
Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine |
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What bases are paired together in RNA? |
Adenine with Uracil, Guanine with Cytosine |
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What type of bonds hold the Nucleotide bases together? |
Hydrogen bonds |
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What pair of bonded bases are always stronger? |
Guanine and Cytosine |
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What are three functions of DNA? |
Replication, Undergo Mutations, Control Activity of the Cell (protein synthesis) |
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What is the structure of DNA, and where is it found in the cell? |
Double stranded Alpha Helix, found in the Nucleus ONLY |
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What are Mutagens? |
Things that cause mutation, like radiation and chemicals |
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What is a gene mutation and give an example of a disease caused by one. |
Change of one or more nucleotide(s) in a single gene, Sickle-cell anemia |
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What is a chromosomal mutation and give an example of a disease caused by one. |
Change to the structure of a chromosome, Down syndrome |
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What is the entire chain of base elements to a chromosome? |
Pentose Sugar + Nitrogenous base + Phosphate --> Nucleotide --> Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA) --> Gene --> Chromosome |
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What is the 1st step in DNA replication? |
Two strands of DNA become “Ladder-like” and “unzipped” – Hydrogen bonds between the bases are broken by an enzyme (helicase) |
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What is the 2nd step in DNA replication? |
Nucleotides, floating in the nucleus, move to the appropriate position VIA Complimentary Base Paring |
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What is the 3rd step in DNA replication? |
The adjacent nucleotides, through their sugar-phosphate bonds, become joined together by DNA polymerase |
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What is the 4th step in DNA replication? |
2 DNA molecules are produced, identical to each other and to the original molecule |
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What is Semi conservative Replication? |
Each DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old strand |
