Bio104 Chapter 24 Key Terms

Front 1

plantae

Back 1

Multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes of which there are 280,000 known species.

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vascular tissue

Back 2

Transport tissue in plants, consisting of xylem and phloem.

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seed

Back 3

Mature ovule that contains an embryo, with stored food enclosed in a protective coat.

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flower

Back 4

Reproductive organ of a flowering plant, consisting of several kinds of modified leaves arranged in concentric rings and attached to a modified stem called the receptacle.

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germination

Back 5

Beginning of growth of a seed, spore, or zygote, especially after a period of dormancy.

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alternation of generations

Back 6

Life cycle, typical of plants, in which a diploid sporophyte alternates with a haploid gametophyte.

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sporophyte

Back 7

Diploid generation of the alternation of generations life cycle of a plant; produces haploid spores that develop into the haploid generation.

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spore

Back 8

Asexual reproductive or resting cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, in contrast to a gamete.

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gametophyte

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Haploid generation of the alternation of generations life cycle of a plant; produces gametes that unite to form a diploid zygote.

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archegonia

Back 10

Egg-producing structures, as in the moss life cycle.

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antheridia

Back 11

Sperm-producing structures, as in the moss life cycle.

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pollen grains

Back 12

In seed plants, a tube that forms when a pollen grain lands on the stigma and germinates. The tube grows, passing between the cells of the stigma and the style to reach the egg inside an ovule, where fertilization.

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cuticle

Back 13

Waxy layer covering the epidermis of plants that protects the plant against water loss and disease-causing organisms.

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desiccation

Back 14

Process of extreme drying.

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stomata

Back 15

Small opening between two guard cells on the underside of leaf epidermis through which gases pass.

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nonvascular plants

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Bryophytes, such as mosses and liverworts, that have no vascular tissue and either occur in moist locations or have special adaptations for living in dry locations.

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bryophytes

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Member of one of three phyla of nonvascular plants-the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

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sporangium

Back 18

Structure that produces spores.

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peat

Back 19

Organic fuel consisting of the partially decomposed remains of peat mosses that accumulate in bogs.

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epiphyte

Back 20

Plant that takes its nourishment from the air because its placement in other plants gives it an aerial position.

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vascular plants

Back 21

Plants in which xylem conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots, and phloem conducts sucrose and other organic compounds throughout the plant.

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xylem

Back 22

Vascular tissue that transports water and mineral solutes upward through the plant body; it contains vessel elements and tracheids.

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phloem

Back 23

Vascular tissue that conducts organic solutes in plants; contains sieve-tube members and companion cells.

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lignin

Back 24

Chemical that hardens the cell walls of plants.

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homosporous

Back 25

In some plants, production of only one type of spore rather than differentiated types.

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heterosporous

Back 26

Seed plant that produces two types of spores-microspores and megaspores. A plants that prduces only one type of spore is homosporous.

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rhizomes

Back 27

Rootlike underground stem.

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fronds

Back 28

Leaf of a fern.

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fiddlehead

Back 29

In ferns, leaves first appear in a curled-up form which unroll as they grow.

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pollination

Back 30

In gymnosperms, the transfer of pollen from pollen cone to seed cone; in angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

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dormancy

Back 31

In plants, a cessation of growth under conditions that seem appropriate for growth.

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gymnosperm

Back 32

Type of woody seed plant in which the seeds are not enclosed by fruit and are usually born in cones, such as those of the conifers.

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conifers

Back 33

Member of a group of cone-bearing gymnosperm plants that includes pine, cedar, and spruce trees.

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cones

Back 34

Structure comprised of scales bearing sporangia; pollen cones bear microsporangia, and seed cones bear megasporangia.

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cycads

Back 35

Type of gymnosperm with palmate leaves and massive cones; cycads are most often found in the tropics and subtropics.

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dioecious

Back 36

Having unisexual flowers or cones, with the male flowers or cones confined to certain plants and the female flowers or cones of the same species confined to other different plants.

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monoecious

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Having unisexual male flowers or cones and unisexual female flowers or cones both on the same plant.

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zygote

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Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes; the product of fertilization.

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microspore

Back 39

One of the two types of spores prodeuced by seed plants; develops into a male gametophyte (pollen grain).

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megaspore

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One of the two types of spores produced by seed plants; develops into a female gametophyte (embyro sac).

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angiosperm

Back 41

Flowering plant; the seeds are borne within a fruit.

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pollinators

Back 42

Animal that inadvertently transfers pollen from anther to stigma.

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monocotyledons (monocots)

Back 43

Flowering plant group; members have one embryonic leaf (cotyledon), parallel-veined leaves, scattered vascular bundles, flower parts in threes or multiples of three, and other characteristics.

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eudicotyledons (dicots)

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Flowering plant group; members have two embryonic leaves (cotyledons), net-veined leaves, vascular bundles in a ring, flower parts in fours or fives and their multiples, and other characteristics.

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cotyledon

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Seed leaf for embryo of a flowering plant; provides nutrient molecules for the developing plant before photosynthesis begins.

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sepal

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Outermost, sterile, leaflike covering of the flower; usually green in color.

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calyx

Back 47

The sepals collectively; the outermost flower whorl.

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petal

Back 48

A flower part that occurs just inside the sepals; often conspicuously colored to attract pollinators.

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corolla

Back 49

The petals, collectively; usually the conspicuously colored flower whorl.

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stamen

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In flowering plants, the portion of the flower that consists of a filament and an anther containing pollen sacs where pollen is produced.

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anther

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In flowering plants, pollen bearing portion of stamen.

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filament

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In plants, the elongated stalk of a stamen.

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carpel

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Ovule-bearing unit that is a part of a pistil.

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stigma

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In flowering plants, portion of the carpel where pollen grains adhere and germinate before fertilization can occur.

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style

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Elongated, central portion of the carpel between the ovary and stigma.

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ovary

Back 56

In flowering plants, the enlarged, ovule-bearing portion of the carpel that develops into a fruit; female gonad in animals that produces an egg and female sex hormones.

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pollen tube

Back 57

In seed plants, a tube that forms when a pollen grain lands on the stigma and germinates. The tube grows, passing between the cells of the stigma and the style to reach the egg inside an ovule, where fertilization occurs.

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fruit

Back 58

Flowering plant structure consisting of one or more ripened ovaries that usually contain seeds.

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endosperm

Back 59

In flowering plants, nutritive storage tissue that is derived from the union of a sperm nucleus and polar nuclei in the embryo sac.